Tuesday, December 31, 2019

The Hospitality Industry s Employment Base Essay

Hospitality jobs, which include hotel jobs, resort jobs, restaurant jobs and other food service jobs, require constant positive interaction between individual employees and guests in order to establish a connection that will keep the business thriving (Wang, Y. (2010). New trends in management have swept through the international hospitality industry in recent years and some have left without a trace while others have shown more staying power. Whether it be total quality management, employee empowerment, or re-engineering, each new management shares a common element. The main yet rapidly changing role of the manager in implementing change, facilitating employee performance, building effective teams, and assuring delivery of quality goods and services to the public(Wang, Y. (2010). The hospitality industry s employment base is the largest of any industry in the private sector in the USA. It surpasses the agriculture sector and the auto, electronics, steel, and textile industries combi ned in number of people employed. The hospitality industry worldwide employs over 255 million people. Within the USA, the hospitality industry employs over 13.9 million people, or 11 per cent of the working population. Hotel employee turnover is a well-documented problem in the hospitality industry with reported turnover rates ranging from 31 percent to 43 percent to 58.8 percent in the U.S. (Ziegler, H. (2015). Turnover in the hospitality industry is reported to be nearly twice the averageShow MoreRelatedThe Development Of Tourism And Hospitality Industry929 Words   |  4 Pagesthe development of tourism and hospitality employment is important in developing countries. WTTC had done the research and found out that in future 10 years there will be a shortage or a talent ‘deficit’ in tourism and hospitality industry in 46 different countries. (WTTC, 2015) Indirectly, this will become the biggest challenge for Human resource department if there is a shortage of talented employees in human resource department and also in the hospitality industry. Therefore, talented human resourceRead MoreEffect Of Smoke Regulation On Hospitality Industry1457 Words   |  6 Pagesstudies which policy makers, tobacco industries and restaurant owners’ cite while making arguments that smoke-regulation in hospitality industry will hurt their business and decrease revenues. They implied that complicity and conflict of interest between the researchers and stakeholders in hospitality industry together with tobacco industry might have influenced the research results which lead to the conclusion that smoke-free regulation in the hospitality industry will negatively impact their salesRead MoreThe Development Of Tourism And Hospitality Industry1410 Words   |  6 Pages the development of tourism and hospitality employment is important in developing countries. WTTC had done the research and found out that in future 10 years there will be a shortage or a talent ‘ deficit’ in tourism and hospitality industry in 46 different countries. (WTTC, 2015) Indirectly, this will become the biggest challenge for Human resource department if there is a shortage of talented employees in human resource department and in the hospitality industry. Therefore, talented human resourceRead MoreThe Level Of Appreciation Of Electronic Marketing Essay1604 Words   |  7 PagesTHE STUDY ON THE LEVEL OF APPRECIATION OF ELECTRONIC MARKETING IN THE ZIMBABBWEAN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY: THE CASE OF SELECTED HOTELS IN HARARE. PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED BY: LOVEMORE MAVHUMA in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of HONOURS IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE FACULTY OF COMMERCE DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM, LEISURE AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT APRIL 2015 DECLARATION This isRead MoreInternational Food and Beverage Management847 Words   |  4 PagesPoldurgovac, 2012). According to Dent (1996) says that information guides establishment to achieve certain results to make better decision to improve and develop the business. Establishment decides on the type production or service they willing to deliver base on marketing segmentation for target market using selection on types or sizes to narrow down the target market, then produce the service and production on the information given by that selection of customer elected. The production and quality of aRead MoreHospitality Industry Leader1518 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: Hospitality Industry Leader Hospitality Industry Leader Richard B Hope Nassau Community College Introduction: The Hotel General Manager is someone who works in a hotel. He or she works as a head of the department to coordinate and monitor the progress of business strategies in a large hotel. In medium hotels, the General Manager is responsible for day to day running of the hotel, including carrying out reception duties. A Hotel General ManagerRead MoreCulinary Arts Is The Act Of Preparing Food1636 Words   |  7 Pagesrelated to culinary arts and preparation of food is considered the most linked to culinary arts. This because anytime the term culinary arts comes up people think of either a person preparing food or a nicely arranged plate. Therefore, culinary arts s the art of preparing food. Nevertheless, this is not just another way of cooking or preparing food – there is a science behind it. The science can only be understood if a person takes a formal education n culinary arts (International Student, 2017) HistoryRead MoreOutback Steakhouse : High Turnover Rate1042 Words   |  5 Pagestheir training procedures as well the opportunity to learn more about how they could grow in developing their training. Outback Steakhouse was started in Tampa, FL in 1988 and falls under the company brand â€Å"Bloomin Brands†. The brand was built on hospitality, sharing, quality, being courageous and having fun (Outback.com, n.d.). The Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes (KSA) help employees perform their job effectively and give the best customer service possible. Training is an important performance toolRead MoreOffice Market Study : Local Business Climate : Characteristics Of The Economic Base1655 Words   |  7 Pages OFFICE MARKET STUDY †¢ Local business climate: characteristics of the economic base (i.e./ detailed employment estimates and projections) o Which industries dominate the local economy? o Are they expanding and, of so, what are their needs? o Are new types of businesses entering the area and what are their needs? o Which locations are best suited for particular business activities? o Will losers find the labor force they need? Second-tier tenants? Project statement and definition This report isRead MoreBusiness Management Procedures And Operations1957 Words   |  8 PagesHighly motivated and self-driven professional with 15+ years’ experience in the coordination field in both Hospitality and VET sector. Skilled in official management tasks, team training and leading, scheduling, problem identification and troubleshooting. Adept at managing and monitoring official operations, minimising costs and optimising delivery of high quality of customer service HIGHLIGHTS OF QUALIFICATIONS †¢ Adept at budgetary supervision and management. †¢ Practiced in VET maintenance, supervision

Sunday, December 22, 2019

The Overpopulation Of The Ohio Valley - 1505 Words

In the United States, about 7.6 million companion animals enter animal shelters every year. The overpopulation of these animals and the fact that they have no homes leads to about 40% of them being euthanized (ASPCA). This is a global issue, but the root of it can be found within the local community at The Humane Society of the Ohio Valley. The director of this animal shelter, Kelly Goedel, says that the cause of animal homelessness is primarily the lack of spaying and neutering along with the lack of commitment that pet owners have to their companion (Goedel). Spaying and neutering is sometimes avoided by pet owners because it is an extra expense or they may feel as if it is unnecessary. This challenge leads to an excess in animal populations without there necessarily being and increase in homes for these animals. The challenge of overcoming pet overpopulation becomes even more difficult because of a lack of funding. According to the Humane Society of the Ohio Valley, only about 20 percent of their funding comes from local government (Goedel). Therefore, they are very reliant on donors and community funds to help finance their organization. The funding issue circles back to complicate the process of getting homeless pets spayed and neutered to attempt to solve the root cause of animal overpopulation. The basis of our project was to raise funds and awareness for the HSOV. We wanted to reach out to as many people as we could so we can spread the issue of the shelters.Show MoreRelatedEssay on The Worse Mistake in Human History1398 Words   |  6 Pageshigher yielding, more consistent and reliable food source. Despite some of the innovations that sprang from agriculture, upon a closer look, we can see that with the advent of agriculture came class division, gender inequality, less leisure time, overpopulation, diseases, deficient diets and starvation. The transition from hunting and gathering to agricultural food production may have been the worst mistake in human history. Hunter-gatherer is a term applied to those people that exist by gathering wildRead MoreEcology of Maryland1280 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Earths mantle gave form to the planet (Cronon, 1993). The Middle Atlantic region of North American was shaped by the tectonic plate movements and climatic changes shaping the ancient oceans into lands. Water streams gave form to hills and deep valleys and rainwater broke big rocks into fine soil. It is interesting to note that while all this was taking place, Marylands mountains were comparable to the size of the Himalayas (Flannery, 2001). Their rock gradually created the mountain that we seeRead MoreEssay on Slavery and War2748 Words   |  11 Pagesfundamental factors drew the Europeans to the exploration, conquest, and colonization of the New World? There were many fundamental factors that drew the Europeans to the exploration, conquest, and colonization of the World such as natural resources, overpopulation and religion. The European explorations have been hearing a lot about all the natural resources that the New World can offer to them. They wanted to travel and find the Far East for the gold, silk, spices, and possible crops that they may beRead MoreApush Terms Chapter 1 a People and a Nation Essay examples4705 Words   |  19 Pagessupply caused the collapse of the most powerful cities by 900 C.E., thus ending the classic era of Mayan civilization. By the time Spaniards arrived 600 years later, only a few remnants of the once-mighty society remained. Teotihuacà ¡n: Founded in the Valley of Mexico about 300 B.C.E. became one f the largest urban areas in the world, housing perhaps 100,000 people in the fifth century C.E. Teotihuacà ¡n’s commercial network extended hundreds of miles in all directions; many people prized its obsidian (aRead MoreCuases Impact of Rural - Urban Migration from District Swabi to Peshawar14595 Words   |  59 PagesTHIS ALL, IN BRIEF INSTIGATES THE MIGRATION RATE, AND PEOPLE RUSH THE CITIES WITHOUT ANY PLANNING OR CONSIDERING THE FORTHCOMING DIFFICULTIES IN URBAN AREAS. URBANIZATION, AS RETALIATION TO MIGRATION BREEDS UNCOUNTABLE PROBLEMS IN CITIES LIKE OVERPOPULATION, CRIME, SOCIAL SEGREGATION AND PROBLEMS OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT LIKE WATER, AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION. Due to emergence of such problems, which are breaded by urbanization it is the voice of the hour to probe into. 1.5 Organization of theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesmass military movements and devastation of the Yangtze Valley in the 1850s and 1860s, as well as the roving armies of the 1910s and 1920s, created mass mobility in their own right, not only in terms of the soldiers who were conscripted and then demobilized far from their homes (often draining areas of the young men who might otherwise have been potential migrants) but also in terms of the migration of millions into the depopulated Yangtze Valley areas and Shanghai after the mid-nineteenth-centuryRead MoreVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 PagesSolve 120 − 4p = 2p − 30. $25. What is the (c) What is the equilibrium price of yak butter? equilibrium quantity? 20. Locate the equilibrium price and quantity on the graph, and label them p1 and q1 . (d) A terrible drought strikes the central Ohio steppes, traditional homeland of the yaks. The supply schedule shifts to 2ps − 60. The demand schedule remains as before. Draw the new supply schedule. Write down the equation that you would solve to ï ¬ nd the new equilibrium price of yak butter.

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Macbeth Essay Free Essays

Individuals are not always responsible for committing a crime, instead someone who manipulates the person into the act have a big responsibility. Accessories to murder get punished and not just the criminal, especially if one is ambitious with a weak personality. In Macbeth written by Harbrace Shakespeare, Lady Macbeth is the person most responsible for all events of this play. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her manipulation and insistence led Macbeth to the murder of King Duncan. She uses emotional blackmail and knows he is morally sensitive to instigate him. She manipulates him into the act and drives him to the murder acting as a physical catalyst to encourage him. Most importantly is how she plays a key role in removing her femininity so she can push Macbeth to carry out the murder. King Duncan’s death eventually leads to the rest of the events in the play; because Lady Macbeth was responsible for his death, she is therefore considered to be responsible for all the events in the play. Firstly, with Lady Macbeth’s strong personality, she knows exactly how to convince Macbeth of the murder. She uses emotional blackmail and knows he is morally sensitive. She is consumed with such hatred and bitterness for the world having an extreme idea of what a man should and should not be. Lady Macbeth makes her idea that a man should be pleasing, protecting, and giving everything a women needs. Her blood thirsty nature makes her version of a real man do whatever it takes to get what he needs. She mocks his bravery and knows he is a warrior and will be insulted. When Macbeth is having doubts she questions his manhood saying, â€Å"When you durst do it, then you were a man; And, to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1. 7. 54-56). This quote shows Macbeth that he is more of a man if he kills King Duncan. Since Macbeth is morally sensitive with a weak personality but ambitious about becoming the king, Lady Macbeth manipulates him and he goes along with the murder. Secondly, she drives him to the murder acting as a physical catalyst to encourage him. She plans out the fine details of the murder, convincing him that the result is for their own good; and Macbeth will be the King. In Act 1 scene 5, Lady Macbeth plans out the murder and hails Macbeth as the future king, telling him to be strong saying, â€Å"Lay it to thy heart, and farewell. † â€Å"Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be what thou art promised. † Macbeth is very ambitious about becoming the king, and Lady Macbeth assures him about the future. Lady Macbeth is involved during the murder by getting the guards drunk, taking heir dagger, and planting the dagger back on the guards after Macbeth had killed the King. Finally, Lady Macbeth plays a key role in removing her femininity to instigate Macbeth to carry out with the murder saying, â€Å"That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, and fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full of direst cruelty! Make thick my blood†¦ Come to my woman’s breasts, and take my milk for gall†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1. 5. 44-51). In this quote, Lady Macbeth wants all the feminine qualities to be taken away, and the nourishing milk to be replaced with bile. Women are traditionally seen as a gentler and kinder sex, which is why Lady Macbeth wanted to be unsexed to be able to kill like a strong man. Lady Macbeth shows her spirit to Macbeth saying; â€Å"How tender ’tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, have pluck’d my nipple from his boneless gums, and dash’d the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this. † (1. 7. 60-64). In this quote, Lady Macbeth thinks her femininity makes her weak and wants her kindness to go away so she can plan the murder and convince Macbeth of killing King Duncan. In conclusion, Lady Macbeth is the person most responsible for all events of this play. Her manipulation and insistence led Macbeth to the murder of King Duncan. She uses emotional blackmail and knows he is morally sensitive so she instigated him. She manipulates him into the act and drives him to the murder acting as a physical catalyst to encourage him. Lady Macbeth also plays a key role in removing her femininity so she can push Macbeth to carry out with the murder. The rest of the events in the play are as a result of King Duncan’s death which is planned by Lady Macbeth. How to cite Macbeth Essay, Essays

Friday, December 6, 2019

juveniles and drug abuse Essay Example For Students

juveniles and drug abuse Essay juveniles and drug abuse Essay America Abstract A drug is a substance that modifies one or more of the bodys functions when it is consumed. Therefore, many common foods qualify as drugs. According to this definition, some of our most cherished beverages such as tea, coffee, and cola are drugs. However this paper focuses on drugs that are abused by teenagers. Surveys show that cocaine, marijuana, heroin, and inhalants are the most commonly used drugs among teenagers age thirteen through eighteen. One of the most startling findings from recent data is the degree to which to which teenagers are now involved in drug use. This drug abuse problem has gotten worse. Perhaps our society must hit rock bottom before changes can occur. According to the Michigan Institute for Social research, reported the results of their 1992 and 1993 national survey of nearly fifty thousand American high school students across the country ages thirteen through eighteen. Studies show that a gradual decrease in the use of most illicit drugs by younger people. The peak year for illicit drug use by high school seniors was in 1980. The 1992 and 1993 surveys reported an alarming shift, a modest but statistically significant increase in the use of several drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, heroin, and inhalants. This survey attributes the increase in drug use to students perceived risk or danger in using a particular drug. In 1992, thirteen year-olds were less likely to see cocaine, crack and marijuana as dangerous. But in 1993, there was a significant increase in marijuana use by seventeen and eighteen year olds and a significant increase in marijuana use by thirteen year-old students. Cocaine use by seventeen and eighteen year olds declined in 1992. However there was a significant increase in cocaine use by thirteen year-old students between 1991 and 1992. In 1993, cocaine use increased for all ages thirteen through eighteen. Every teenager has used drugs at least once in their life. The literature review confirmed that teenagers engage in drugs on a daily basis. According to the National Survey on Drug Abuse conducted in 1997 and 1998, more than one-fourth (28.2 perecent) of the youth aged thirteen to eighteen report that marijuana experiences, and about four percent used cocaine, 1.1 percent admits to using heroin, and nine percent used inhalants. These statistics are about the same as the statistics in 1992 and 1993. Youngsters take drugs for many different reasons. The literature review attributes that youngsters engage in drugs because of peer influence and family problems such as a broken home, as well as other important variables such as lack of religious beliefs and just a way of dealing with stress, anger or frustration. Others use drugs because they perceive taking drugs as a new, interesting or exciting experience. Interestingly, existing data show that teenagers because in rural areas use drugs less compared to teenagers that live in urban and suburban areas. Studies show the reason for this is because drugs are not as readily available in rural areas. An analysis on existing data shows that there was a substantial amount of involvement in drugs during the late eighties but not as much involvement today. In fact teenagers today ages thirteen through eighteen drug rate is much higher than those older teenagers. Studies show that drug use among high school seniors continued to downslide in 1992, but still America incoming teenagers today do not seem to be getting the message. These findings are troubling. Therefore, there is a need to approach the drug problem among American future leaders. To address these issues the first step is to increase the awareness and knowledge of this particular age group about the risks of substance abuse to influence them away from drug abuse. Recommendation Report Essay In, doing this, researchers need to continue to increase their understanding of drug use among the youth, its causes, and manifestations. Second, researchers need to explore methods of reaching youngsters during the crucial years when drugs become an alternative. Evaluation findings show that schools, which implemented awareness programs, had few participants in the area to partake in drugs than those schools that did not have awareness programs. The findings also indicated that the target population needs more .

Friday, November 29, 2019

Adolf Hitler Essays (1974 words) - Adolf Hitler, Politics

Adolf Hitler ADOLF HITLER 1. THE BEGINNING At half past six on the evening of April 20th, 1889 a child was born in the small town of Branau, Austria. The name of the child was Adolf Hitler. He was the son a Customs official Alois Hitler, and his third wife Klara. As a young boy Adolf attendated church regulary and sang in the local choir. One day he carved a symbol into the bench which resembled the Swastika he later used as the symbol of the Nazi party. He was a pretty good student. He received good marks in most of his classes. However in his last year of school he failed German and Mathematics, and only succeeded in Gym and Drawing. He drooped out of school at the age of 16, spending a total of 10 years in school. From childhood one it was his dream to become an artist or architect. He was not a bad artist, as his surviving paintings and drawings show but he never showed any originality or creative imagination. To fullfil his dream he had moved to Vienna the capital of Austria where the Academ y of arts was located. He failed the first time he tried to get admission and in the next year, 1907 he tried again and was very sure of success. To his surprise he failed again. In fact the Dean of the academy was not very impressed with his performance, and gave him a really hard time and said to him You will never be painter. The rejection really crushed him as he now reached a dead end. He could not apply to the school of architecture as he had no high-school diploma. During the next 35 years of his live the young man never forgot the rejection he received in the dean's office that day. Many Historians like to speculate what would have happened IF.... perhaps the small town boy would have had a bit more talent....or IF the Dean had been a little less critical, the world might have been spared the nightmare into which this boy was eventually to plunge it. 2. WORLD WAR I While living in Vienna Hitler he made his living by drawing small pictures of famous landmarks which he sold as post cards. But he was always poor. He was also a regular reader of a small paper which claimed that the Araban race was superior to all and was destined to rule the world. The paper blamed Communists and Jews for all their problems and hitler agreed to those views. Hitler agree with most of the points made in the publication. He continued to live a poor live in Vienna and in 1913 decided to move to Munich. Still living in Vienna and being Austrain by birth, Hitler showed more loyalty to the Geramny. He thought that the Aryan race was destined to rule the world. Many believe that he tried to escape the draft but it was never proven. His live in Munich was not much better then before and he continued to be poor. Then in 1914 World War I broke out and Hitler saw this as a great opportunity to show his loyalty to the fatherland by volunteering for the Imperial army. He did not want to fight in the Austrian Army. Hitler was a good soldier. Many of political opponents claimed that he wa s a coward but records clearly show that he was not. He received to awards of bravery but never achieved a high Rank. In 1918 Germany surrendered and Hitler was very upset about the loss. He believed that it was the Jews and the Communists who betrayed the fatherland and it was here that his disliking of the Jews most likely began. Germany after the war was in chaos. With no real Government to control the country, many groups tried to take control. One day a big communist group staged a big riot but another group of ex-soldiers including Hitler managed to hold them back. 3. THE NAZI PARTY Since there were not many chances for employment Hitler stayed in the army. Hitler was assigned the job of going go to various meetings of groups which sprang

Monday, November 25, 2019

Jean â€Michel Basquiat

Jean –Michel Basquiat Jean –Michel Basquiat was a renowned artist for his excellence artistic work. By the age of twenty seven years, he was well known as a graffiti artist and an innovative painter. He is remembered for his loose and unencumbered painterly graphic style that was commonly linked with street art that greatly became very famous in 1980s. He professionally employed his artistic genius to articulate his subject matter that pertained to race, culture and heritage by the use of imagery, iconography and text.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jean –Michel Basquiat specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More . Jean-Michel Basquiat was successful to become a great artist at such an early age despite his poor upbringing and education background. His success is attributed to the ability of his mother and teachers to identify his artistic talent at an early age and supported him according. When his mother realized that his son was a very talented artist he took him into Manhattan to see art and then enrolled him as a junior member of Brooklyn Museum of Art where he familiarized himself to various artistic disciplines and practices. Despite his work being not greatly studied, Basquiat was very talented and purposely assembled through his art a host of desperate traditions, practices and styles to come up with a unique form of visual collage, one originating partly from his urban origin and also from a more distant African –Caribbean heritage (The Art Story Foundation). Brooklyn-based artist Lorna Simpson is another renowned artist of the 1980s. Her artistic style is demonstrated with her provocative photographic works that are mostly composed of isolated details of human figure or objects with fragments of text. Her artwork addresses issues such as racial, gender, violence and the notions of the body and interpersonal communication and relationships. Her art reflects back about the slavery era and discri mination of the African-Americans, but in a different perspective that gives them some hope that anything is possible. Her cotemporary imagery involves taking back the power and building a new African –American position or women position for the Americans. Her art evokes some element of sadness, but accompanied by a sense of progress in terms of independence from the chains of memory (The City Review Inc (2007). Willem de Kooning was another famous American artist whose artistic work is even currently cerebrated. Willem de Kooning artistic work employed various styles at various stages in his life. He started by concentrating in realism and geometric art which he mastered before exploring other alternatives which he equally perfected. He developed his first woman painting in 1950. His paintings were characterized with enlarged body parts such as enlarged breasts which raised a lot of scandal at first. He also worked on abstract landscapes particularly between 1957 -1961. He r eceived the greatest artistic distinction award in 1964. He was regarded as a leading exponent abstract expressionism. His life featured numerous demonstrations of his artistic works and retrospectives that featured duality of traditional figuration and gestural painting. Willem de Kooning was also known for the action painting that was often referred as gesture abstraction.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is a style of painting that involves splashing, smearing or spontaneously dribbling paints onto the canvas rather than applying it carefully. The resultant effect emphasized the physical act of painting as being very important element and particularly to the fished work. Later in life he moved from painting and started sculpturing which he also did very effectively (Answer.com 2011). Reference List Answer.com (2011).Willem de Kooning. Retrieved from https://www.a nswers.com/ The Art Story Foundation (2011).Jean –Michel Basquiat. Retrieved from https://www.theartstory.org/artist-basquiat-jean-michel.htm The City Review Inc (2007). The Photographic and Film/Video Art of Lorna Simpson.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Association of Phoenix Employees Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Association of Phoenix Employees - Assignment Example Association of Phoenix Employees The study was conducted by HREG from January to June 2011 with the permission of Phoenix Textile Co. (PTC) to enhance and improve the recording and tracking of attendance of employees, payment system and processing of salaries of employees. The study includes both software and system enhancement so that manpower time can be saved for the Human Resources, Accounting Department and the employees and workers that queue the Cashier/Disbursing Section (under the Accounting Department) to get their salaries. We are encouraging the management to act upon the recommendations submitted by HREG since implementation of the changes would bolster the morale and production of the employees and workers in the company. Modification in the system would save time both for the management and employees. Phoenix Textile Co. (PTC) has a 500 strong-workforce who work on two shifts daily, seven days a week, and twelve months a year. Production demand fluctuates depending on the orders and season of the year. But production has never dropped to the point of making a number of employees go on forced vacation due to low demand. Thus, the company remains competitive in the local and global market. With the continuous work in PTC, attendance and absences recording and tracking pose a problem to the management. Paying the salaries of employees entail time for both the Disbursing Section and the employees. The long queue just to receive one’s salary produces annoyance since at times, the employees themselves become disorderly.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Report based on group discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report based on group discussion - Essay Example BASF has an employee base of 112,000 employees who have helped the company post a strong revenue growth; in 2013 the company’s turnover was â‚ ¬74.0 billion and a profit of â‚ ¬7.2 billion (BASF). BASF like other companies in the chemical industry represent an important sector in every economy, in our case Germany. At the same time, the industry represents one of the greatest environmental costs and is a clear threat if no mitigating factors are enforced. The chemical industry is also interlinked with other sectors in the economy considering that only about 13 percent of the total production leaves the plant as finished products (Esty & Simmons, 2011.p.15). In regard to the environment, chemical production utilizes the environment to source for materials with much greater intensity than any other sector. At the same time, these companies use the environment as a medium for production, storage, transport, and disposal of resulting products. Almost every stage of the production process in chemical companies represents a threat to the environment. However, this should not be the case as there are ways and means to curtail these threats without affecting the company’s prof itability. In studying BASF, we examine ways through which the company can sustainably fashion its production process and products to achieve eco-efficiency. Eco-efficiency in this case not only represents green processing but a means to improve the company’s financial standing. In setting up a win-win strategy, BASF will have to address the major processes especially those with the highest impact on the environment. In this section, we look at the foremost changes that would help achieve eco-efficiency with greater emphasis on the manufacturing processes. The first step is to research and put up alternate means of supplying energy to the manufacturing process. At present, there are several ways through which energy for manufacturing

Monday, November 18, 2019

Early Childhood Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Early Childhood Education - Research Paper Example Learning a second language improves the knowledge and awareness of the child. The similarities and differences between the pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar of the languages would help him to understand the sounds, the words, and the rules for constructing a sentence in the most standard way. Moreover, researchers have proved that learning a new language bring several other qualities in children. It would build the foreign language comprehension and speech of children and would also improve the English verbal and listening skills. Early language study has much to do with the student’s higher performance in basic skills. New language learning also would strengthen the math and analytical skills of children. Moreover, learning foreign language would increase the exposure of the children to new cultures and different backgrounds and shall raise the self esteem of children. Learning Additional Language in Schools Coming to the case of learning languages, experts are of the opi nion that learning should start from schools and colleges. It is always not practical to teach adults as they may not have sufficient time and mentality to learn a new language. Learning a language is completely different from learning other matters. Surveys and research has come up with the conclusion that children are better learners as far as language learning is concerned. Governments (in most EU countries) are insisting to start the language class at schools and colleges so that children when they become adult citizens would be able to use it properly. Citizens who speak more than one language are really an asset to the nation. So parents and educational institutions are interested in adding a foreign... As the discussion declares learning a second language improves the knowledge and awareness of the child. The similarities and differences between the pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar of the languages would help him to understand the sounds, the words, and the rules for constructing a sentence in the most standard way. Moreover, researchers have proved that learning a new language bring several other qualities in children. It would build the foreign language comprehension and speech of children and would also improve the English verbal and listening skills. Early language study has much to do with the student’s higher performance in basic skills. New language learning also would strengthen the math and analytical skills of children. Moreover, learning foreign language would increase the exposure of the children to new cultures and different backgrounds and shall raise the self esteem of children.According to the report findings  learning a language is completely differen t from learning other matters. Surveys and research has come up with the conclusion that children are better learners as far as language learning is concerned.  Language teachings can a part of the curriculum or it can be a part of extracurricular activity in the school syllabi. Learning must start from the lower class itself as it would take few years to learn a language.  Native people will have difficulty in accessing such people and may have communication problems when dealing in such areas.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Case Study of Diabetes Mellitus and Community Health Nurse

Case Study of Diabetes Mellitus and Community Health Nurse This paper is going to illustrate a case study, which has been chosen during the two weeks of clinical practicum. It will present the medical history of the patient, focus on current health status and discuss the main responsibilities of community health nurse. H.S is a 74 years old Emirati, female, married and has 3 daughters and 5 sons. She has been referred to health home care setting on 24/2/2011. The patients past medical history included mild intermittent asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, acute gastritis, esophageal reflux, acquired hypothyroidism, generalized anxiety disorder, essential hypertension, diabetes mellitus type-1, chronic diastolic failure, blurred vision and impaired hearing. The patient has allergies from dust and medication like penicillin. Her surgical history was significant for cholecystectomy. Also, she had grafting surgery that done to repair the wound at right forearm which resulted from road traffic accident. Current medications include montelukast (singulair); 10mg orally once daily, steroids 500mg orally once per day, insulin 34 units in the morning and 32 units on evening, and cozaar 50mg once daily. Currently, the patient is suffering from uncontrolled diabetes. The fasting blood glucose ranged from 239-455 mg/dl and the past prandial glucose and bed time glucose ranged from 240-598 mg/dl. This assignment will shed light on one of the chronic disease which the patient has, diabetes, including pathophysiology, sign and symptoms, risk factors, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. In addition, it will illustrate the community health nurse roles regarding diabetic patient. Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide epidemic disease. It is a metabolic disorder manifested by elevation of blood glucose level due to an absolute shortage of insulin production and action (American Diabetes Association, 2004). The two main classification of diabetes are type 1, this type represents insulin dependent diabetes, and type 2, non-insulin dependent diabetes (Meetoo Allen, 2010). Additional types of diabetes mellitus include gestational diabetes, maturity once diabetes of the young, diabetes resulted from cystic fibrosis, and cushings syndrome diabetes (Meetoo Allen, 2010). As our patient is suffering from diabetes type-1, the nurse must understand the pathophysiology of this type in order to provide optimal care. Type-1 diabetes is found to be a result of an autoimmune mediated damaging of B-cells, pancreatic cells responsible for insulin production. Destruction of these cells will lead to insulin deficiency, which will result in increase of blood glucose and glycosuria. Mainly it is symptomatic disorder unlike type-2 diabetes (Meetoo Allen, 2010). Type-2 diabetes is considered silent killer; most people with such disease are unaware because it is asymptomatic in many cases. It is characterized by abnormal insulin production, insulin resistance, and alteration in glucagon synthesis (Casey, 2011). Elevation in blood glucose caused by limitation of insulin in transporting glucose into the cells for energy synthesis. High glucose level enhances insulin production. So that, people with this type of diabetes often characterized by excessive insulin product ion (Casey, 2010). Diabetes symptoms might slightly vary according to the type. Hyperglycemia manifested by a number of symptoms such as polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, in some cases associated with polyghagia; feeling hungry as a result of cellular starvation, and blurred vision. Polyuria occurs when the amount of glucose filtration by the kidney overwhelms reabsorption mechanism (American Diabetes Association, 2004). Fatigue may be presented due to metabolic changes (Casey, 2011). These symptoms could not be severe in type-2 diabetes as much as type-1 (Casey, 2011). Uncontrolled diabetes like in H.S case might lead to unpleasant consequences. These complications include retinopathy with loss of vision, nephropathy; which results in renal failure, peripheral nephropathy with high risk of foot ulcer and cardiovascular symptoms (American Diabetes Association, 2004). There are many risk factors that lead to hyperglycemia. Some of these factors are non-modifiable such as heredity and race factors. Other modifiable factors include obesity, lack of exercise, impaired glucose tolerance, cardiovascular disorder, and high level of triglycerides (Rodbard et al, 2007). Diabetes mellitus accounts for high epidemic percentage throughout the world. The total number of people with diabetes was significantly increased from 124 million in 1997 to 221 million in 2010 (Meetoo Allen, 2010). From a global thought, the highest three countries estimated to have the highest number of people with diabetes in 2000 and 2030 are India, China, and the United State of America. The most affected groups are people between 45-64 years old (Meetoo Allen, 2010). The risk of death for people with diabetes mellitus is twice that among individuals without diabetes of similar age (Rodbard et al, 2007). If patient diagnosed before age 40 years, the average reduction in life expectancy is 12 years for men and 19 years for women (Rodbard et al, 2007). There are a number of diagnostic procedures that have been used to determine the blood glucose level. These strategies include observation the symptoms of diabetes such as polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss (Rodbard et al, 2007). In addition, diabetic patient could be identified with fasting plasma glucose concentration more than or equal 126mg/dl or plasma glucose concentration more than or equal 200 mg/dl in normal status. These measurements taken by using a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (Rodbard et al, 2007). Applying appropriate intervention for patient with chronic disease like diabetes is an essential strategy to prevent any complications that might result from unstable condition (Pimouguet, Goff, Thiebaut, Dartigues Halmer, 2011). The aims of diabetes treatment are to control blood glucose level to reduce the risk of long term complications and to help the patient with diabetes to live normal healthy life (Meetoo Allen, 2010). The choice of treatment depends on the type of diabetes. For instance, patient with type 1 and some cases with type 2, insulin is an appropriate treatment in maintaining nearly normal level of blood glucose (Meetoo Allen, 2010). Unlike type-2 diabetes, in which management processes are based mainly on life style modifications. For example, regular food intake, regular exercise, weight management and limited alcohol intake. Also, oral anti-diabetic agents are used to maintain normal level of blood glucose and to enhance the action of pancreatic cells (Meetoo Allen, 2010). Furthermore, one of the most effective methods which are essential for patients with type-2 diabetes or for people who are at high risk is regular monitoring of blood glucose level .This method helps to prevent acquiring diabetes for people who are at increased risk of hyperglycemia or for those who have poor glycemic control (Grant, 2010). The role of the nurse in delivering community health care is considered an essential part in managing patients condition at home sitting. As nurses working in community care, a number of responsibilities are involved in care of patient with diabetes including assessment and providing optimal intervention (Carey Courtenay, 2008). The nurse is considered the only professional who has a complete knowledge about patients medical status (OReilly, 2005). Effective assessment will enable the nurse to create appropriate plan regarding patients condition and provide best care (World Health Organization, 2001). For optimal care, the community nurse should has enough knowledge regarding patients health disorder include functional limitations, patients medical history, prognosis, physical assessment for all body systems and behavioral status (OReilly, 2005). In addition, it is important to assess other factors that could affect patients health such as safety of living environment, types of dail y living activities, medication awareness and compliance, equipment availability such as oxygen, intravenous therapy, and parenteral nutrition (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle Cheever, 2008). For diabetic patient, the nurse is responsible to assess specific factors that might interfere with glycemic control. One of these factors is age- related changes such as physiological functions. For instance, loss of taste and olfactory functions may lead to malnutrition intake. So, that will lead to abnormal metabolism and blood glucose maintenance (OReilly, 2005). Dehydration is also one of the complication that might occur due to loss of thirst perception which affected by age factor. The nurse must evaluate the condition carefully in order to meet the needs (OReilly, 2005). Also, the nurse must assess for the presence of neuropathies, because it increase the risk of fall and infection (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle Cheever, 2008). Furthermore, visual deficits and retinopathy must be assessed because the patient may be at risk of taking medication inaccurately and become unable to perform regular blood glucose test (OReilly, 2005). The nurse should ensure that the patient is aware about all medications and being compliance with. Also, identification and investigation of any complications are very crucial to protect the patient from life threatening condition (Diabetes Specialist Nurses, 2007). If the patient has diabetic foot, the nurse should assess the wound, regular dressing must be done and monitor for any further complications (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle Cheever, 2008). Moreover, accurate documentation is necessary to ensure patients need correctly (OReilly, 2005). Diabetes mellitus requires regular self care behaviors. Nurse is responsible to teach the patient about appropriate self management (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle Cheever, 2008). Physical and emotional stress could affect glycemic control negatively, so patients must learn how to balance among such factors. They should learn daily self care skills to prevent instability of blood glucose. In addition, patients must be aware about good nutrition by following a calorie- controlled diet (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle Cheever, 2008). They should know that they might need additional meals and snacks during various exercises or at bedtime to prevent hypoglycemia. Also, patients must have knowledge regarding medications side effects and disease progression. Patients and family members should be taught about the symptoms of both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in order to be able to provide a required care (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle Cheever, 2008). In conclusion, this essay has discussed a case study that has been chosen during the clinical practicum time. Mainly, it focused on one of current health problem in which the patient is suffering from, diabetes mellitus. It discussed the pathophysiology of the two types of diabetes, type-1 and type-2. Diabetes is characterized by a number of symptoms such as polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and polyghagia. There are many risk factors might cause diabetes such as obesity and sedentary life style. This paper has also presented statistical information regarding diabetes disorder throughout the world, it found that India is the highest country that account for the highest number of people with diabetes. Moreover, there are various diagnostic methods that are used to identify and investigate patients with diabetes or who are at high risk. Treatment strategies are varying with different types of diabetes. Type-1 is insulin dependent diabetes while type-2 is non-insulin dependent. Diabete s mellitus is considered a chronic disease that required regular appropriate care at home sitting. Community health nurse has a number of responsibilities regarding diabetic patients care include effective assessment and providing teaching plan that help the patient to maintain controlled blood sugar level. Finally, diabetic patients should be aware about daily self care.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Boccaccio v Keats :: English Literature

Boccaccio v Keats In reading Lisabetta (Boccaccios version) and Isabella (Keats version) it can help us understand Keats intentions, plans and achievements better. Keats deliberately begins his poem with the lovers, Keats sees the lovers as the main focus and he wants to reinstate their importance. Keats puts effort into portraying the lovers as young and innocent and due to the brothers their relationship is ruined. 'fair Isabelle, poor simple Isabelle Lorenzo, a young palmer in loves eye.' Keats seems to write in such a realistic way, it comes across as autobiographical. Keats characterises the lovers differently to Boccaccio. In Keats they are shy with each other. 'So spake they to their pillows.' 'I may not speak and yet I will, and tell my love all plain.' Keats portrays them as being in tune with nature 'voice pleasanter than the noise of trees of hidden rill' and 'Lorenzo is more watchful over her than the falcon.' The main attraction between the two lovers happens in May/June. These are the summer months when love occurs, and eventually it 'grew like a lusty flower in Junes caress' Keats keeps the lovers innocent. In Boccaccio, Lorenzo is experienced 'he gave up all other amours' and the lovers quickly slept together 'each that they most desired' Keats on the other hand 'purifies' the lovers. They keep close company' in a bower of hyacinth and musk.' In Keats the brothers notice the love between them 'found by many signs' instead of caught popping into each others bedrooms. In Keats they noticed each other all the time. In living in the same house Keats takes trouble over unfolding their frustrations and love, for there is not much they can do (autobiographical). We now start to care about them. Both know the danger of the lovers class difference, but the fact that they cant be together seems to fuel their lust. 'Even bees knows there is richest juice in poison flowers' Another big difference between the poems is the concentration put towards the brothers. In Keats the brothers are introduced late on and the characteristics have been moulded around evil. In Boccaccio the brothers are introduced at the very beginning of the poem and their decision about killing Lorenzo is more to do with wanting the sister to be happy without consulting the sister. (In Keats) the brothers work their servants to death. 'The Ceylon diver went all naked to the hungry shark' Their money is made on the back of great cruelty 'the workers did melt in blood from the stinging whip' The brothers cruelty seems to stand for the abuse of the early

Monday, November 11, 2019

Odysseus V Telemachus

Jon Dunlap3/8/12 Odysseus v TelemachusPeriod 2 â€Å"Maturity has more to do with what types of experiences you've had, and what you've learned from them, and less to do with how many birthdays you've celebrated. † – Anonymous (Thinkexist. com). Maturity is a key theme during the journeys of Telemachus and Odysseus. In Homer’s Odyssey the journeys of Telemachus and Odysseus have many similarities and differences such as their common goal and the lessons they learn; and only by overcoming these obstacles are they able to become emotionally stronger and find success in Ithaca.Odysseus and Telemachus’ respective journeys have many similarities such as the common enemy the share and the goal they are fighting towards. First, due to Odysseus’ long absence after the war, he was thought to be dead, which led to a large influx of suitors wishing to marry Penelope. During The Odyssey the suitors represent a common enemy between Telemachus and Odysseus. †Å"The sons †¦ are pestering my mother to marry them against her will. They are afraid to go to her father †¦ hanging about my father's house †¦ never giving as much as a thought to the quantity of wine they drink.No estate can stand such recklessness; we have now no [Odysseus] to ward off harm from our doors, and I cannot hold my own against them† (Butler BK 2). The suitors not only threaten Telemachus’ right as King of Ithaca, but they also threaten Odysseus’ home and marriage to Penelope. Next, in addition to sharing a common enemy, Telemachus and Odysseus both have a common goal in mind throughout their journeys; to reunite their family. Telemachus sets out to Pylos and Sparta hoping to find his father and drive off the suitors, while Odysseus is also trying to return to Ithaca to see his wife and son after his 20 year absence.He uses his powers of persuasion to gain Calypso’s favor shortly before leaving her island; â€Å"Goddess,† replied [Odysseus], â€Å"do not be angry †¦ Penelope is nothing like so tall or so beautiful as yourself †¦ Nevertheless, I want to get home, and can think of nothing else† (Butler BK 5). It is this drive and determination that Odysseus and Telemachus eventually share that eventually able aids them in reuniting at the end of The Odyssey. Odysseus and Telemachus have one final thing in common on their journeys; they are both aided by Athena.Athena had been an ally of Odysseus since the Trojan War, mainly because she reminded him of herself. Throughout The Odyssey Athena aides both heroes on several occasions; Athena begs her father Zeus to allow her to aid Odysseus, so he can go home to his family, â€Å"Father, son of [Kronos], King of kings, it served Aegisthus right †¦ it is for [Odysseus] that my heart bleeds, when I think of his sufferings in that lonely sea-girt island, far away, poor man, from all his friends† (Butler BK 1).Athena helps Telemach us by getting him his ship and crew before the journey to search for word of Odysseus, and develops a bond with both of them throughout the story. Despite the many similarities, Odysseus and Telemachus are very different; as evidenced by the way they behave, their respective upbringings, and the lessons they learn. The first main difference between Odysseus and Telemachus is the way they behave under pressure. Odysseus, having had many years of experience and the gift of persuasive speaking, tends to handle problems with patience and careful planning.This can be seen as he charms Nausicaa into aiding him on Scheria, â€Å"O queen,† he said, â€Å"I implore your aid- but tell me, are you a goddess or are you a mortal woman? If you are a goddess †¦ you are [Zeus’] daughter Diana, for your face and figure resemble none but hers; if on the other hand you are a mortal and live on earth, †¦ how proud and delighted they must feel when they see so fair a scion as yo urself going out to a dance †¦ I never yet saw any one so beautiful, neither man nor woman, and am lost in admiration as I behold you† (Butler BK 6).Telemachus, however, lacks this maturity and seems to act more on impulse. This can be seen when he has an emotional outburst in the Ithacan assembly, â€Å"Moreover, if I am to be eaten out of house and home at all, I had rather you did the eating yourselves, for I could then take action against you to some purpose, and serve you with notices from house to house till I got paid in full, whereas now I have no remedy. ’ With this Telemachus dashed his staff to the ground and burst into tears. Everyone was very sorry for him, but they all sat still and no one ventured to make him an angry answer† (Butler BK 2).One can see that by using his persuasion Odysseus is able to prevail, while Telemachus’ angry outbursts do nothing but hurt his reputation This absence of maturity ties into the next key difference be tween Odysseus and Telemachus; which is the way that they were raised. Odysseus lived a rich and fulfilling childhood as a prince on Ithaca under his father Laertes and his mother Anticlea. He was given all the guidance and enrichment needed for him to grow into the hero he would eventually become. Telemachus on the other hand, was raised without a father.Odysseus left for the Trojan War when he was only an infant and did not return for 20 years, which meant that Telemachus grew up without the guidance he needed to become a man. Athena was eventually forced to step in and help boost his confidence during Telemachus’ journey, â€Å"[Athena] led the way and Telemachus followed her. Presently she said, â€Å"Telemachus, you must not be in the least shy or nervous; you have taken this voyage to try and find out where your father is buried and how he came by his end; so go straight up to Nestor that we may see what he has got to tell us.Beg of him to speak the truth, and he will tell no lies, for he is an excellent person† (Butler BK 3). If it weren’t for this lack of a father, he may have had the courage to stand up to the suitors himself. The final key difference between Odysseus and Telemachus is the lessons that they learn throughout The Odyssey. Odysseus and Telemachus both go through a great deal of change during their journeys and each benefit from it. Odysseus learns to set his pride aside.This can be seen as Odysseus is found crying on the beach of Calypso’s island, a far different Odysseus than the cunning, arrogant hero pictured in The Iliad, â€Å"Ulysses was not within; he was on the sea-shore as usual, looking out upon the barren ocean with tears in his eyes, groaning and breaking his heart for sorrow† (Butler BK 5). This represents his ritual death, because not only is he believed to be dead by Ithaca, but he is at one of his life’s lowest points. It is only after overcoming this that he will be able to retu rn home. Telemachus learns a lesson almost opposite to Odysseus.Telemachus learns to be a man and gains self-confidence. This process of maturation is set in motion by the Goddess Athena in book two where she says to Telemachus, â€Å"You’ll lack neither courage nor sense from this day on, not if your father's spirit courses through your veins- now there was a man, I'd say, in words and actions both! †¦ Few sons are equals of their fathers; most fall short, all too few surpass them. But you brave and adept from this day on- Odysseus' cunning has hardly given out in you- there's every hope that you will reach your goal† (Butler BK 2).Here Athena is telling Telemachus that he will be great and will succeed in his ventures because he is his father's son. From this moment on we begin to see a very sudden transformation or â€Å"Rebirth† in terms of Telemachus’ hero’s journey. He starts from a young defenseless boy, and ends his journey a man. Tele machus and Odysseus’ respective journeys have many similarities and differences ranging from their common enemy, to the lessons they learn, although the purpose of these journeys is clear; to find success in Ithaca.Many factors, be it luck, cunning, or supernatural aid all aid both men in these journeys. Telemachus and Odysseus may not be the most similar heroes, but through the challenges they face, they become emotionally stronger and reunite their family once more. As an anonymous intellectual once said, â€Å"Anyone can give up; it's the easiest thing in the world to do. But to hold it together when everyone else would understand if you fell apart, that's true strength† (boardofwisdom. com)

Friday, November 8, 2019

app;ication essay essays

app;ication essay essays Because I have chosen Law Enforcement for a career, I feel that Middleville College is the best place for me to get my education because of the excellent reputation your program has as well as the talent of your instructors. I have already experienced much in my area and feel that this institution will give me the opportunity to gain more knowledge and use it in the field. I have tried to get as much exposure as I can in Law Enforcement. Currently, I am enrolled in a Law Enforcement course at Capitol Area Career Center, which I enjoy very much. While there, I have become a leader in the classroom. I enjoy participating in class discussions and have much to add to them. Recently, I was named Student of the Month for CACC. I feel your exceptional instructors can fully reinforce the valuable knowledge I have learned here. In my effort to learn as much as I can about my chosen field, I accompanied my uncle Dan Jackson, a crime scene investigator, in a ride along. I gained much information about the work that being a protector entails. I observed a murder investigation in detail. This experience, though it could discourage others, reinforced my drive to become the best police officer I can be. By accepting me into your program you will gain a student with the passion to succeed. Since I was small, I have dreamed of becoming a police officer. Coming from a family with Law Enforcement in its veins, I believe I have what it takes to join my uncles in a field where the main concern is protecting others. You will also gain a leader with unconditional devotion to the field. I will become active on campus to not only broaden my horizons, but help others who share my passion for Law Enforcement. I will strive to be the best student I can be, and I wont give up until I have achieved my dream. Thank you for your consideration. ...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Free Essays on Gender Differences in Communications

don’t work as they expected, or even spark resentment and anger. Both women and men could benefit from learning each other’s styles. Many women could learn from men to accept some conflict and differences without seeing it as a threat to intimacy, and many men could learn from women to accept interdependence without seeing it as a threat to their freedom. This paper will evaluate the differences between genders in communication. Part of the study consists in showing that those differences are due to the differences between men and women of course, but that they are also very dependent on the environment into which the conversation takes place. Many cross-gender communication studies only examine verbal communication between a man and a woman, disregarding the environment and therefore fail to completely isolate the interlocutors. An interlocutor is one who takes part in a conversation. The first part of the paper will examine why there is a need to understand gender communication, and the relation between different world-views and gender communication. The second part of the paper will ... Free Essays on Gender Differences in Communications Free Essays on Gender Differences in Communications Gender Differences in Communications Gender communication is communication about and between men and women (Ivy and Backlund, 1994). Recognizing gender differences in communication enables both sexes to communicate better with each other. According to Deborah Tannen, (1992, p 17), many women and men feel dissatisfied with their close relationships and become even more frustrated when they try to talk things out. There are gender differences in ways of speaking, and a need to identify and understand them. Without such understanding, we are doomed to blame others or ourselves-or the relationship- for the otherwise mystifying and damaging effects of our contrasting conversational styles. Pretending that women and men are the same hurts women, because the ways they are treated are based on the norms for men, and are nonplussed when their words don’t work as they expected, or even spark resentment and anger. Both women and men could benefit from learning each other’s styles. Many women could learn from men to accept some conflict and differences without seeing it as a threat to intimacy, and many men could learn from women to accept interdependence without seeing it as a threat to their freedom. This paper will evaluate the differences between genders in communication. Part of the study consists in showing that those differences are due to the differences between men and women of course, but that they are also very dependent on the environment into which the conversation takes place. Many cross-gender communication studies only examine verbal communication between a man and a woman, disregarding the environment and therefore fail to completely isolate the interlocutors. An interlocutor is one who takes part in a conversation. The first part of the paper will examine why there is a need to understand gender communication, and the relation between different world-views and gender communication. The second part of the paper will ...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Nursing and the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing and the Media - Essay Example The media can either positively or negatively influence the public image of nursing depending on the stories, news, or advertisements on nursing broadcasted to the public. The media can positively impact on the public image of nursing through broadcasting shows/films of nurses working to save victims of natural disasters like earthquakes and hurricanes and news stories relating to nurses importance to a safer public positively affected nursing and aided in augmenting respect for nurses (Donelan et al., 2008). However, news. Films, or advertisements on nurse’s strikes and nurses not taking their duty well in terms of caring for the patients and participating in unethical behavior endangering the lives of the patient's results in a negative public image of nurses. News relating to nurse shortage and the general outlook on nursing as a career does not positively or negatively impact on the public image of nurses (Donelan et al., 2008). Avenues of educating the general public include nurses writing articles in newspapers aimed at informing the public regarding nursing roles and scope and changing health care system. Other avenues include posting and circulation of nursing accomplishments, making announcements in dailies, nurses speaking to civic and community groups on nursing roles and responsibilities. Other avenues are posting online in blogs and on social media sites and contacting media outlets and program developers on the need to portray nursing in a positive manner and in the true light of nursing roles and scope.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

The political situation on the African continent, associated with Term Paper

The political situation on the African continent, associated with pipeline attack - Term Paper Example The purpose of this study is to review the pipeline attack for pointing out the necessary details. This was not the only attack. The militants group attacked the pipelines, kidnapped and threatened employees of the company since 2006. The reviewed attack was another sabotage that had several aims: †¢ Attracting attention †¢ Showing power †¢ Threatening and increasing the terror level for the company and its employees †¢ Pursuing the aims of freedom and equity Moreover, the militants claim that Nigerian Government send crude oil to the southern regions of Nigeria. In accordance with their words, this will help to fight with poverty, as southern regions stay poor due to unwillingness of the government to develop and expand the economic and industrial potential of these regions. In accordance with the research outcomes by Renner, military groups, terroristic bands, sects, and other groupings have protectors, who have a particular influence level on the political arena, as well as sufficient financial reserves for sponsoring these groups. As it is stated by Associated Press, Lt. Col. Timothy Antigha claimed, that any organization had not taken responsibility for this particular attack, however, most of the attacks are performed by militant groups of MEND (Movement for Emancipation of the Niger Delta). This extremist grouping is aimed at fighting against exploitation and oppression of the Nigerian people. The federal Government of Nigeria is t he enemy #1 for the MEND, and the key aim is to overthrow it. ... Political Background In accordance with the research outcomes by Renner (2002), military groups, terroristic bands, sects, and other groupings have protectors, who have a particular influence level on the political arena, as well as sufficient financial reserves for sponsoring these groups. As it is stated by Associated Press (2010), Lt. Col. Timothy Antigha claimed, that any organization had not taken responsibility for this particular attack, however, most of the attacks are performed by militant groups of MEND (Movement for Emancipation of the Niger Delta). This extremist grouping is aimed at fighting against exploitation and oppression of the Nigerian people. The federal Government of Nigeria is the enemy #1 for the MEND (Bello, 2011), and the key aim is to overthrow it. Considering the basics of the Conspiracy Theory, a political force must be standing behind the MEND. However, its leaders prefer staying faceless (Faucon, 2012). Since the Federal Government is not able to reach an agreement with the aggressors, the amnesty program was initiated in the Niger delta region (Faucon, 2012). On the one hand, this program shows willingness to begin negotiations; on the other hand, this reveals lack of opportunity and support to fight against aggressors. Moreover, some researchers claim that the conflict is not beneficial for the government, as essential powers may stand behind the militant groups. Social Background The social aspects of these attacks are not obvious, nevertheless, in the light of the fact that the MEND is supported by at least 20 million of Nigerians, the social resonance is high enough (Eberechi, 2009). The key social factor that

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Seeing Beyond the Bright Side of Outsourcing Essay

Seeing Beyond the Bright Side of Outsourcing - Essay Example At present, outsourcing has become a very popular source of competitive advantage. By paying other companies to run IT and other support divisions, many U.S. companies are cutting staffs, costs, and increasing efficiency. The immediate benefits can be great, allowing smaller companies to gain cheaper access to expensive technologies and allowing large firms to expand there IT usage without risk of obsolescence. As with any potentially rewarding activity, there are risks involved. Companies need to weigh the risks, rewards, and costs involved before making a decision to outsource. The more vital the task, the more care should be taken with this decision (Kakumanu and Portanova, September 2006). But, first what is outsourcing According to Webster's New World Finance and Investment Dictionary (2003), outsourcing is an increasingly popular process where a company contracts with another company to manage services that it needs but that it doesn't want to provide itself. Typically, outsourced services are non-core activities such as janitorial services, information technology, and food catering for the employee cafeteria. Sometimes companies outsource manufacturing and focus on sales and marketing. As such, outsourcing became popular because it allowed companies to reduce short-term costs. On the other hand, Laabs (1993) and Spee (1994), defined outsourcing as something that involves a long-term contractual relationship for business services from an external provider. These relationships are increasingly popular in a wide variety of business activities. Firms widely outsource in areas once strictly considered internal domains, such as human resources. Although most people think that outsourcing is a new innovation, outsourcing is already an older practice than some people realize. In colonial days, American businesses outsourced the production of covered-wagon covers and clipper ships' sails to workers in Scotland. The raw material for these products was imported from India. A couple of hundred years later, in the 1970s, computer companies began to outsource their payroll applications to outside service providers. However, most of these jobs were outsourced to companies in other states rather than overseas. It was in the late 1980s that the practice of outsourcing began to boom. During this time the field of information technology (IT) was growing rapidly, and the demand for IT workers who could develop hardware and software exploded. As the Internet and telecommunications fields developed, companies created thousands of high-paying jobs to attract talented IT employees to work for them. As the U.S. economy faltered, however, comp anies had to cut their IT budgets and began to seek a less expensive labor force outside of the United States (Dunbar, 2006). Moreover, according to Dunbar (2006), India, with its large population of English speakers and trained workers, transformed to become one of the first countries to benefit from the outsourcing trend. Americans companies began outsourcing some of their low-end IT jobs to India in the early 1990s and have gradually outsourced a wide variety of work, including call center servicing, medical transcription, tax return preparation, research and development, and medical data analysis. Cities like Bangalore have become well known for their skylines dotted with call center buildings that seem to have cropped up overnight. Providing customer

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Finding a New Advertising Agency Essay Example for Free

Finding a New Advertising Agency Essay It started with a pair of certified letters to MINI USA’s Woodcliff Lake headquarters in northern New Jersey in the summer of 2005. One of the letters was addressed to Jim McDowell, vice president and managing director of MINI USA, the U.S. division of BMW’s MINI automobile brand. The other letter was to Trudy Hardy, marketing manager for MINI USA and a direct report to McDowell. Both letters were from Scheid, Roberts, and Reicher (SRR),1 MINI’s advertising agency since 2001, and both arrived at their respective destinations at almost exactly the same time. From her desk, which was not in the immediate proximity of McDowell’s office, Hardy sat back in her chair and opened the letter without the knowledge that McDowell had just received a similar letter. Her thoughts and feelings as she broke the seal of the envelope and read the one-page letter partly confirmed previous suspicions but, nevertheless, included a sense of great disappointment and some hurt feelings. A rare event in the client-advertising agency relationship, SRR’s letter informed Hardy that they would resign the MINI account in order to pursue a larger account with a competing German automobile manufacturer. For Hardy, it was during the next few moments that the gravity of the event began to sink in. SRR had been the ad agency for MINI ever since the months leading up to the U.S. launch of the new MINI Cooper, which was the first new car launched by the MINI brand since its acquisition by BMW several years earlier. In a time when the duration of a client-advertising agency relationship typically lasted for just about two years, the collaboration with SRR had been in her mind a productive one for almost five years. And in the same way that she believed the relationship had been extremely valuable  to MINI, it was also hard for Hardy to believe that the same did not hold true for SRR as well. In 2001, the MINI account stood as one of the first major SRR client wins when it was a start-up agency with fewer than 50 employees. SRR had now grown to more than 300 employees, and the launch of the MINI Cooper was an unquestioned success. In some ways, MINI and SRR had grown up together. 1 Although this case is based on actual events, Scheid, Roberts, and Reicher (SRR) is a fictional name for MINI USA’s advertising agency from 2001 to 2005. For simplicity, hereinafter, MINI is used as opposed to MINI USA. 2 The BMW Group maintained a general rule that each BMW brand have its own advertising agency. For example, SRR could not work for BMW and MINI at the same time. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Professor David Godes prepared this case with the assistance of Research Associate Peter Wickersham. HBS cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management. Copyright  © 2007, 2008 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-5457685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http://www.hbsp.harvard.edu. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. Hardy began to think of the task before her. In one sense, if she were the marketing manager for almost any other product, the selection of a new advertising agency might not have been such a critical task. But the MINI brand, in almost every respect, was unique—from the design of the car itself to the passionate owners of the car who, for example, often named their MINI Cooper as they would a pet or family member. MINI’s advertising since the launch of the Cooper had been highly unconventional, and although she had no immediate ideas of how to proceed in finding a new agency, Hardy knew that  the selection process would need to be just as unique. The BMW Group and MINI Mini History We went round the works, and I drove him at a hell of a speed—I’m sure he was terrified—but then he was so impressed by its road holding. We stopped outside his office. He got out of the car and he said, â€Å"Go ahead and make it.† — Alec Issigonis, head of design for the Morris Mini Minor (a.k.a, the Mini), conversation with Leonard Lord, chairman of British Motor Corporation (BMC), 19583 The twentieth century witnessed the creation of scores of automobiles, but it can be argued that only a handful of these cars transcended the others to become cultural icons. For some car enthusiasts, the short list of such cars might have included the likes of the Ford Model T or Volkswagen Beetle. For those living in the United Kingdom and Europe in the 40 years between 1959 and the end of the century, the Mini Minor and its descendants, including the original Mini Cooper, would almost certainly have been counted among them. The genesis for what was to become the Mini was attributed to Leonard Lord in response to the nationalization of the Suez Canal by Egypt in September 1956. Since it was thought this action might disrupt or restrict the shipment of oil from the Middle East, Lord commissioned Alec Issigonis to design a small car intended for those seeking frugal transport. The design requirements were few and simple: the ability to seat four people, use of a BMC engine, and an overall size smaller than that of current BMC cars. Issigonis formed a team of eight designers and engineers. In one of their first meetings together, Issigonis placed four wooden chairs on the workshop floor in two rows of two and asked four of his team members to sit in them. They then shuffled the chairs around on the floor until each could sit comfortably in a minimum of space. The rough dimensions were captured in chalk on the workshop floor; the passenger space required was to be at least 8 feet 9 inches long, Purchased for use on the MSc International Marketing, at Kings College London, Department of Management. Taught by Douglas West, from 12-Jan-2015 to 27-Mar-2015. Order ref F240566. Usage permitted only within these parameters otherwise contact [emailprotected] â€Å"Well, I guess they’re off to greener pastures,† he said in a matter-of-fact tone. After talking some more about the resignation, they soon turned their attention to finding a new partner. â€Å"Listen, I have total confidence in you to find our next agency,† McDowell assured Hardy. â€Å"It won’t be easy, but you know our brand better than anyone. The only catch is that we should probably have this nailed down before the end of the year, which means early December. Let’s talk more once you have an idea of where you’d like to take the search.† With those words, McDowell left Hardy’s office. In addition to its small size (and in some cases because of it), the design of the Mini contained several other notable innovations. It was one of the first front-wheel-drive cars, and its engine was mounted transversely so as not to contribute more than two feet to the overall length of the car. The wide spacing of the wheels allowed for more efficient passenger space, and thus more than 80% of the overall dimensions of the Mini were devoted to luggage and occupants. The design of the Mini also had some other unique consequences. First, the Mini’s simple layout made it easy for owners to modify the interior and exterior of the car; as a result, customization of the car became common. Second, its wide wheel spacing and low center of gravity made the Mini suitable for development of a racing variant of the car. An acquaintance of Issigonis, John Cooper, created the Mini Cooper in 1961 to be driven in rally races. The Mini Cooper was quite successful,  winning the prestigious Monte Carlo rally in 1964, 1965, and 1967. In all, around 150,000 Mini Coopers were produced. The mass-produced version of the Mini was a success in terms of unit sales. It also attracted a cult-like following. Each of the four Beatles owned a Mini as did Peter Sellers and many other famous British celebrities of the day. In 1995, the Mini was voted â€Å"Car of the Century† by readers of Autocar, a U.K. car magazine. BMW Acquires Mini Although the Mini was universally considered a success, the same could not be said for the succession of parent companies that owned the brand. In 1968, British Leyland was formed when BMC merged with the Leyland truck company. In 1975, British Leyland went bankrupt, and the company—with classic brands such as Jaguar, Rover, MG, Triumph, and Mini—was bought out by the British government. In 1988, the collection of surviving brands, now referred to as the Rover Group, was sold to British Aerospace, another nationalized company. Along the way, there were notable investments made in the Rover Group by other car manufacturers, including Honda of Japan, which owned approximately 25% of the company at one time. Yet, the greatest investment and perhaps the biggest surprise occurred in 1994 when BMW, the German luxury automaker with 1993 sales of $18 billion, acquired Rover and its brands, including Mini, for $1.2 billion. In the eyes of senior management at the BMW Auto Group (AG), the vision for the purchase of the Rover Group was to take the company into a new international era. Bernd Pischetsrieder, who was named chief executive officer of BMW AG in 1994, explained it this way: â€Å"The key to success is continuously changing your focus over the long term . . . in the ‘80s, we focused on enhancing the engineering process. The  key emphasis for the ‘90s is globalization of the entire business, including financing, product engineering, styling, designing, manufacturing, and sourcing.†4 Similarly, some industry analysts believed that BMW could not afford to compete solely at the luxury end of a maturing world car market. The acquisition of the Mini brand and the decision to develop the new MINI was seen as a solid strategy to offer less expensive cars without jeopardizing the integrity of the BMW brand.5 According to an analyst with Commerzbank, â€Å"By slightly modifying an existing brand, effectively ‘inserting’ a new vehicle into it, it avoids having to pay all the upfront costs associated 4 J. P. Donlon, â€Å"Honk if you are global (interview with BMW CEO Bernd Pischetsrieder),† Chief Executive, October 1, 1994. 5 BMW differentiated the new version of the Mini from the original by capitalizing all four letters when referring to the new model (i.e., MINI). 3 Purchased for use on the MSc International Marketing, at Kings College London, Department of Management. Taught by Douglas West, from 12-Jan-2015 to 27-Mar-2015. Order ref F240566. Usage permitted only within these parameters otherwise contact [emailprotected]  feet 2 inches wide, and 4 feet 4 inches high. Ultimately, once the engine and luggage space were added, the Mini was designed to be just 10 feet in length (Exhibit 1). MINI USA: Finding a New Advertising Agency (A)  with developing a new brand. The costs of brand building cannot be underestimated, as anyone at Daewoo would be quick to point out.†6 Not included in the deal to divest the Rover division, notably, was the MINI  brand as well as the manufacturing facility near Oxford, England. â€Å"We knew we had a winner there. Much to the chagrin of the British, we held onto it,† McDowell would say later. Educational material supplied by The Case Centre Copyright encoded A76HM-JUJ9K-PJMN9I Order reference F240566 Designing a New MINI The design and development of the new MINI in the mid-1990s was to some at BMW the embodiment of the larger struggle to integrate the cultures of Rover and BMW. Between 1994 and 1999, there existed two separate MINI design teams—one British and one German. The British-based Rover designers and engineers for much of that time envisioned a revolutionary design of the new MINI. One such MINI concept was unlike, the previous Mini in almost every way but was seen as a contemporary interpretation of Issigonis’ vision of building a small car with maximum passenger space (Exhibit 3). BMW’s designers took a more evolutionary approach in terms of design combined with BMW’s reputation for delivering high-performance, driver-oriented cars. On one night in 1998 at his home in Munich, Frank Stephenson, a BMW designer originally from the U.S., cast himself into the role of Issigonis, who was known for doodling designs of cars on the back of napkins. On a kitchen towel, Stephenson sketched a series of updated versions of the original Mini to reflect modern trends in design and new technology; see Exhibit 3 for a sample sketch.7 In the end, it was Stephenson’s design that would form the basis of the new MINI. The official launch of the MINI was held at the Paris auto show in 2000. During the show, senior BMW AG executives and Stephenson unveiled the new MINI to a rousing ovation. In explaining its design, Stephenson said, â€Å"The MINI Cooper is not a retro design car, but an evolution of the original. It has the genes and many of the characteristics of its predecessor, but is larger, more powerful, more muscular and more exciting than its predecessor.†8 Two production models were to be launched in the U.K. (its historical home) in July 2001: a base model called the MINI One and a more upscale MINI Cooper. A sportier MINI Cooper S was to be launched soon thereafter in the U.K., and both the MINI Cooper and MINI  Cooper S were scheduled for launch in the U.S. as well as other parts of the world in early 2002. Even though the first MINI Coopers were not scheduled to arrive until early 2002, work was well underway in 2000 to establish an organization to support  the launch of the MINI in the United States. MINI USA was established as a division of BMW of North America LLC and would share the same headquarters in Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey, as its parent organization. Jack Pitney was named general manager of MINI USA, a unique distinction for someone with a marketing background as opposed to automotive engineering, manufacturing, finance, or sales. Kerri Martin was appointed MINI’s marketing communications manager. Trudy Hardy was also recruited in 2001 as brand communications manager of MINI, reporting to Martin. The MINI USA headquarters organization was designed to be small (fewer than 25 employees), nimble, and highly creative. From the start, the credo of the organization appeared to be, â€Å"If another car company might take the same approach, MINI ought not.† Martin, for instance, was commonly called by the title â€Å"keeper of brand soul† instead of marketing manager. Work proceeded quickly. By the end of 2000, www.miniusa.com was live and already receiving hits. As with the MINI USA headquarters organization, the existing BMW infrastructure was utilized to create a network of U.S. MINI dealerships. Nevertheless, in a similar fashion, great lengths were taken to establish MINI as its own brand. Approximately 70 dealerships in 31 cities were renovated to add an exclusive MINI showroom under a separate marquee. In total, across all U.S. dealerships, first-year MINI sales objectives were expected to be 20,000 units, an amount Pitney viewed as aggressive but within reach. Base retail sticker prices for the MINI Cooper and MINI Cooper S models were set at about $18,000 and $21,000, respectively, including dealer shipment fees. Additionally, leveraging the history of customizations to the original Mini, each model carried an extensive list of optional equipment and exterior color schemes. For instance, the car roof alone could be painted at the factory with one of more than 10 color schemes, including a black-and-white checkerboard pattern as well as an image of either the Union Jack or American flag. Early expectations were that the MINI Cooper S would capture approximately 80% of sales due to its larger engine and better acceleration. Depending on the amount of optional equipment selected, the total price of a MINI Cooper S could exceed $25,000. Given its design and price range, plans were to position the MINI Cooper as a premium small car—something that MINI saw as a new market niche. This was especially true because the MINI Cooper was smaller and more expensive than some of the better-established compact cars made by Honda, Toyota, and Nissan. Initial MINI marketing materials and media reports from auto shows portrayed the MINI Cooper as a â€Å"fashionable accessory to an affluent, urban-hipster lifestyle.†9 However, early market research also indicated that the target market for the MINI was not limited to a specific demographic group or socioeconomic class but rather was more of a lifestyle choice or mind-set. For example, in surveys conducted before launch, potential MINI buyers in the U.S. described themselves as â€Å"young at heart† or â€Å"free spirited,† a finding that was consistent among both young as well as older age groups. Moreover, the potential MINI buyer appeared to be less concerned by the opinions of others and was independent minded. MINI and BMW AG drew a number of conclusions from this initial research. First, it was decided that further research should closely examine the psychographic factors associated with the purchase of a MINI, since the most fervent of potential MINI buyers seemed to have a common mind-set about the car, which was something that Pitney and others hoped to explore in greater detail. Second, the research confirmed to them that, unlike the original Mini, the new MINI should not be marketed as a car for the masses but instead to a particular segment of car buyers. Third, although it created 9 Suzanne Vranica, â€Å"Cool Mini Cooper Prepares for Relaunch,† The Wall Street Journal, February 14, 2001. Pitney and Martin thus recognized the importance of selecting an advertising agency with experience in nontraditional advertising such as promotional events, online advertising, and direct marketing. None of the large advertising agencies known for television advertising were invited to pitch the account, a decision that many industry observers viewed as bold and against the grain. DaimlerChrysler’s Chrysler Group unit, for example, had recently consolidated its $1.5 billion ad account at Omnicom Group. MINI also decided to base part of the compensation of the ad agency on the collective opinions of its dealers, something that was unique in advertising. Following a fourmonth review, SRR was selected as MINI’s agency of record. A separate firm, Circle.com, was selected to handle their online technology strategy and customer relationship management (CRM) duties. Although MINI would not disclose it publicly, the MINI account was valued at about $25 million per year in term s of total marketing spend, a relatively modest size for an automotive client. Let’s Motor: The U.S. Launch of the MINI The U.S. Launch Campaign (2001–2002) By July 2001, in the eyes of Pitney, Martin, Hardy, and the rest of the MINI team, both the marketing strategy and the creative focus of MINI’s U.S. launch (scheduled for March 2002) were taking shape. Moreover, they felt that the desire to do things differently at MINI had been taken to a whole new level. Most significantly, the marketing team had decided not to use any television or radio advertising as part of MINI’s launch, an industry first for what was essentially an entirely new automobile brand in the U.S. market (it had been almost 40 years since the original Mini was sold in the U.S.). Instead, a phased approach using print and nontraditional marketing techniques was developed. During August and September 2001, MINI’s focus was  to build brand awareness primarily through print advertising in magazines. The tagline for the ads was â€Å"Let’s Motor,† a theme developed by SRR and that would be carried throughout the launch campaign in 2002. The use of the word â€Å"Let’s† at the beginning of each ad was intended to create a feeling of inclusiveness, and the tone of the ads was intended to be friendly and funny. For example, one ad read: â€Å"Let’s not use the size of our vehicle to compensate for other shortcomings. Let’s Motor.† Another began, â€Å"Let’s put away the middle finger.† In addition to initial print advertising in magazines such as Autoweek, SRR developed The Book of Motoring, a 5-inch by 5-inch glossy booklet designed to convey exactly what it meant to be a motorer. â€Å"How is motoring different from driving?† it posed to the reader. â€Å"Physically, they’re the same process . . . the difference is in the mind of the operator . . . when you drive, you go from A to B . . . when you motor you go from A to Z . . . it’s all about living . . . nobody can tell you when you’re motoring . . . you just know.† The book also suggested that motorers pay the toll for the car behind them or feed parking meters if they see a meter maid coming. â€Å"Motorers look out for one another,† the book said. The Book of Motoring could be obtained through BMW dealers or the MINI USA website. In October 2001, in addition to continued print advertising, the SRR and the MINI marketing team designed a series of promotional events and publicity stunts to create additional buzz for the brand. Purchased for use on the MSc International Marketing, at Kings College London, Department of Management. Taught by Douglas West, from 12-Jan-2015 to 27-Mar-2015. Order ref F240566. Usage permitted only within these parameters otherwise contact [emailprotected]  challenges for the manufacturing team in Oxford, England, it was clear that the target market would likely seek to make their MINI unique by adding optional features and color schemes. Finally, it also became apparent that limiting their advertising to traditional media such as television and radio would not be cost effective, since the MINI itself was not a mass-market car  and since its potential buyers seemed less interested in being part of the mainstream. In one example, for a Formula 1 car race in Indianapolis, MINIs were secured to the top of three fullsize sport-utility vehicles and were driven to the city from other parts of the U.S. carrying signs that read, â€Å"What are you doing for fun this weekend?† The same MINI-toting SUVs then toured some 24 U.S. cities (Exhibit 4). When curious onlookers asked about the car, representatives were instructed to give them a card that said â€Å"Coming to America† and directed them to the MINI USA website. Sporting events were also used as venues to promote the car. For instance, a MINI was placed in the stands of an Oakland A’s baseball game and in the Superdome for a Monday Night Football game (Exhibit 5). As part of this promotion, during the game, the announcer did a series of â€Å"callouts† that drew the attention of the fans in attendance to the MINI. As one example, he announced: â€Å"To the gentleman in Section 101, you’ve left your lights on.â €  When the in-stadium camera focused on the MINI in Section 101, its lights flashed and then shut off. This particular promotion also played a role in the firm’s attempts to anthropomorphize the MINI. When the official launch of the MINI Cooper began in March 2002, MINI and SRR continued their grass-roots marketing efforts and print advertising in combination with outdoor advertising using, most notably, billboards, which they felt were underutilized by other car brands. In all 45 markets where the new MINI was to be sold, teaser billboards were posted on the day that showrooms were opened. Instead of displaying the car or its logo, the billboards only included the company’s website, miniusa.com, and a single line of text. One billboard read, â€Å"XXL XL L M S Mini.† Another read, â€Å"The SUV backlash officially starts now.† Then, in April, a new series of  billboards were rolled out that included a photo of a MINI, the MINI logo, and the â€Å"Let’s Motor† tagline. Slogans included, â€Å"Let’s Sip Not Guzzle,† referring to its above-average fuel economy. The outdoor advertising was taken to the extreme in cities like New York, where a skyscraper was wrapped to represent the car’s two-tone paint job and a 29-foot-by-125-foot billboard was erected in Times Square. Though typically considered a traditional medium, print advertising was used by MINI as nontraditionally as possible. In late 2001, for instance, executives from 35 magazines were invited to MINI’s headquarters to brainstorm unique ways to market the new MINI in print. One noteworthy outcome of this session was a proposal to use the margins around news stories to hold advertisements. At launch, the â€Å"cornering ads,† as they were called, were run in six magazines, including Rolling Stone and Motor Trend. The ads said, â€Å"Nothing corners like a MINI† and contained a photo of the Mini Cooper S cornering the one-inch margin of the magazine page. Other aspects of the launch campaign included the following (Exhibit 6): †¢ More than 6 million magazine inserts of an abridged version of The Book of Motoring †¢ A series of MINI-inspired cartoons featured in The New Yorker magazine †¢ Other magazine inserts including an unscented MINI-shaped air freshener and a pullout car game. Another insert allowed readers to customize the car using peel-off stickers; accessories such as wheel covers, blowers, and racks could be placed on a photo of a MINI in the ad. In total, more than 30 million magazine inserts were published in magazines ranging from Car and Driver to Vanity Fair. The MINI organization was very  happy with the creative output of SRR. â€Å"Conceptually, just about every one of their ideas was spot on,† Hardy said. â€Å"Besides the fact that they really ‘got’ the brand, they also made sure that the ideas they showed us were fleshed out and developed. This extra effort on their part really made it easier for us to react to the ideas and to give them meaningful feedback so we could work together to make them come to life.† MINI and SRR planned to explore other advertising media as 2002 wore on, just not television. Rather than use TV advertising, for example, MINI opted to sign a deal with National Cinema Network, a movie theater network, to show 30- and 45-second advertisements on roughly 2,000 screens in five cities. 7 Purchased for use on the MSc International Marketing, at Kings College London, Department of Management. Taught by Douglas West, from 12-Jan-2015 to 27-Mar-2015. Order ref F240566. Usage permitted only within these parameters otherwise contact [emailprotected] By the close of 2002, there were several reasons for MINI and SRR to celebrate. Most obvious were the year-end MINI sales figures, which indicated that 24,590 units had been sold in a little over nine months. At that pace, first-year sales were projected to total over 30,000 units. In addition to the strong sales figures, a consumer survey indicated that brand awareness for the MINI among the carbuying public was 25%. A survey indicated that 75% of MINI buyers had read or heard about the MINI through  public relations and Internet exposure before the official launch advertising actually began in March 2002. The launch campaign also earned both MINI and SRR a significant number of awards, including Adweek magazine’s 2002 Guerilla Marketer of the Year and 2003 Media Plan of the Year honors, the 2002 Kelly Awards Grand Prize for Outstanding Magazine Advertising, and two 2002 Cannes Media Lion prizes. SRR also won the Best of Show Award and an award for innovation in marketing at the annual One Show awards, a prestigious event sponsored by the One Club for Art and Copy in New York. At the same awards ceremony, MINI USA received the Advertiser of the Year Award. Pitney was named one of two Automotive News Marketers of the Year (the other was awarded to Jim McDowell, vice president of marketing for BMW of North America). In January 2003, the MINI was selected as the North American Car of the Year by the same publication. The MINI Cooper and MINI Cooper S were selected as finalists for the Motor Trend Car of the Year as well. The Creative Work Continues (2003–2005) By all accounts, the relationship between MINI and SRR was felt by both sides in 2003 to have been a highly productive collaboration to that point. â€Å"Each day we came to the office thinking that we had one of the best jobs in the world. In a sense, SRR was just part of the family. We’d interact and debate ideas on a weekly, sometimes daily, basis,† Hardy described. â€Å"It was a close working relationship.† Over the next two years, MINI’s strategy of using primarily nontraditional advertising in combination with print and outdoor advertising continued, as did SRR’s ability to develop unique creative material in support of this strategy. One magazine campaign featured punch-out, assembleable versions of the MINI Cooper built on a 1:56 scale. About 4.4 million inserts were created, featuring two cars with different combinations of accessories, and came complete with assembly instructions; both cars became collectors’ items. In another campaign, consumers could pull out MINI cartoon-character decals from magazines. The stickers came eight per sheet and were designed to drive buyers into dealerships for a ninth sticker. Approaches like this one were well received by dealers, including Wayne Youngblood, general  manager of Motor City Mini near Detroit. â€Å"I’m thrilled with it; MINI marketing is quirky, fun, and it delivers customers that match the vehicle perfectly,† he said. â€Å"In my 30 years in the business, there has been no other product that commands as much excitement or attention as MINI.†10 Sales of the MINI Cooper continued to climb (Exhibit 7). In 2004, a MINI Cooper convertible was added to the model lineup. Changes would soon be underway, however. In March 2005, Martin announced that she was leaving MINI to become director of market development for Volkswagen of America, a company known for spending about $500 million annually in North American advertising. Around the same time, Pitney and McDowell made the unique decision to switch jobs as general manager of MINI USA and vice president of marketing for BMW of North America. But the ultimate surprise was SRR’s resignation of the MINI account in order to become the agency of record Purchased for use on the MSc International Marketing, at Kings College London, Department of Management. Taught by Douglas West, from 12-Jan-2015 to 27-Mar-2015. Order ref F240566. Usage permitted only within these parameters otherwise contact [emailprotected] for Volkswagen. By then, Hardy had assumed Martin’s duties as head of marketing, and one of her first challenges was starting over and finding a new advertising agency, which would not be easy given the unique relationship that MINI enjoyed with SRR. Advertising Agencies With each passing year of technological advancements, it was apparent to MINI and others that the foundations of any advertising firm—creativity and the ability to deliver creative content in a variety of media—were becoming less and less the exclusive domain of bigger advertising firms with extensive production staffs. Consequently, it was possible for a one- or two-person shop to perform the same creative services as a large, multinational advertising conglomerate with billions in revenues such as Omnicom, WPP, Interpublic Group (IPG), and Publicis. Advertising firms in 2005 could be categorized into either of these two groups, but a third group also existed. The â€Å"independents,† as they were called, were privately owned firms with anywhere from about 10 to 300 employees. As was the case with SRR, oftentimes these firms were started by young, entrepreneurial advertising professionals looking for creative freedom or autonomy following stints at one or more o f the publicly held multinational firms. Seen by some to be a competitive response to the growth of the independents, consolidation was a significant theme in the advertising industry during much of the 1990s and early twenty-first century. Over this period, the major holding companies appeared intent on expanding market share in order to gain economies of scale, diversifying their revenue streams, and serving clients as a one-stop shop while growing into large, multinational players. In 1993, for example, the top three agency holding companies captured a 36% share of the market. By 2003, this figure had increased to 50%.11 The increase in market share was largely achieved through acquisitions of independents and smaller holding companies, with the bulk of these acquisitions occurring from 1996–2001. One holding company, IPG, acquired 240 companies during that period. Another significant industry theme was the shift in agency compensation over the past decade from commissions to fee-based compensation. Traditionally, advertising organizations had been paid at a set percentage of an advertising budget for the creative work on an account; this percentage was  typically in the 12%–15% range but could be as high as 20%. A major criticism of this compensation system was that it did not align the agency’s pay with the success of a particular campaign or with the amount of work required to create the campaign. The fee-based system (or FTE model) charged production fees and employee hours along with a standard profit margin (e.g., 20%) for the advertising firm. In 2005, it was estimated that 80% of all advertising clients had moved away from commission-based compensation structures to enter fixed fees or a combination of fee and incentive compensation.