Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Courage

Courage is not a lack of fear; it is doing something in spite of fear. This type of courage is exemplified in the book The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini when Amir Jan, the main character, risks his life for another. Amir truly reflects the qualities of a courageous person. One way Amir confronts his fears and acts courageously is when he puts his own life in danger to save the life of a child. He willingly disguises himself with a beard and travels to Afghanistan to free his best friend’s son from captivity.He knows upfront that if he is caught in a disguise, he will probably be executed, but he goes anyway. He stands up to the Taliban believing in his heart that it is the right thing to do. Another way Amir Jan shows bravery is when he starts arguing and making demands for the child’s release. He does this knowing that confrontation is not tolerated in Afghanistan. Making any type of demand almost always means death, but Amir refuses to back down. He perseveres knowin g he will probably lose his life.Some may not agree that Amir is really a hero because he spent most of his childhood hiding behind the courage of others. Although this is true, it has no bearing on whom he is as an adult. Most people would agree that a person should not be judged solely by his past failures, but rather on the strength of his developed character. Amir truly is a man of honorable character. He shows first hand how people can change when he stands up for what is right. Mankind needs to look at the good deeds that come out of past failures.Amir certainly has changed, and his actions reflect this change. He overcomes the fears and failures that haunt his past, and becomes a person of great courage, one who is truly respected because he is willing to do what others would not do. Thus, in the end Amir Jan shows who he really is. He is a brave, heroic character. He risks his life for the love of another human being, and he brings freedom to an innocent child. What a remark able feat! Thank God for the courage of Amir Jan!

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Nerwork Security Essay

SCENARIO 1 According to scenario 1, the followings are the threads and security measure to control it. THREADS SECURITY MEASURE 1.Fire outbreaks, begins just outside the data center. The attack is an internal and active attack caused by a disgruntled employee or worker i.e an unhappy or a dissatisfied employee I. Availability of fire department center II. Implementation of well programmed sprinkler system III. Building has been evacuated to prevent loss of lives SUGGESTIONS 1.Figure out the worker by investigating and either dismiss him/her or by compensating him/her by treating him right or well. 2. This can also be controlled by enforcing the physical security of the company i.e by installing cctv camera in every hook and corner of the company this will monitor all the employees activities within the vicinity of the company; of which any employee that engages in such a destructive act can be fished out easily by replaying the record. 3. RFID can also be deployed to monitor the in and out of every employee. 2.Anthrax box was detected by an employee in the lobby I. Evacuation of building has be done again to prevent loss of lives II. Health department is on scene to investigate the issues and treat people III. The sprinkler system has been implemented which caused the email and web server to stop working. SUGGESTIONS 1. Employees and visitors should be properly screened and be checked thoroughly before entering the organization or company so as to avoid them bringing in potentially dangerous object in to the company. 2. Foreign object detector technology should be deployed and implemented in the company to ensure proper screening of the people i.e visitors and employees moving in and out of the company. 3. Call the attention of crime investigators so  as to confirm the doer of the crime ; finger print test will done the box . 3.E-mail server and Web server are down I. The sprinkler system was programmed to turned off the web and email server down in case of any emergency so as to prevent data loss , explosion and destruction of the server SUGGESTION 1.E-mail and web server should always be kept in a safer area where it cannot be easily accessed by an intruders and free from disasters like thunder storm, lightening and flooding i.eit should be kept In a water proof data room around the middle level of a building. 2. There should always be an alternative stand-by server kept In another location to replace in case a server is down so ensure the proper functioning of the company e-commerce websites 3. call the right personnel i.e network security engineer to figure out the proper place servers should be kept against disaster when planning to design a network 4. The e-mail and web server should either switched on be repaired or replaced immediately to ensure the proper functioning of the company e-commerce sites so as to prevent lossof customers 4.Customer cannot place order at the company sites since the servers were down I. The company has provided an alternative call center at another location against emergency for customers who cannot place order at the company’s site. 5.Employees are afraid to resume work I. The police department intervened SCENARIO 2 According to scenario 2, the followings are the threads and control measure was taken. THREADS CONTROL MEASURES 1.Explosion occurs at a chemical plant i. They took a precautionary measures by building the headquarters two (2) miles away from the chemical plant so as to loss of lives and properties. ii. Officials took control measure by trying to confirm amount of  potentially dangerous and deadly toxins that have released to the air so as to alert people to evacuate the area if the rate were high or if the area will not fit for lives to survive 2. people were experiencing Breathing difficulties i. Public health officials took a security measure by encouraging people living in the city to â€Å"shelter in place† i.e the use of a structure and its indoor atmosphere to temporarily separate individuals from a hazardous outdoor atmosphere. 3. Company tells the employee not to leave the building i. Employees took a precautionary measure by leaving the building since they were not sure about what they were hearing and that they needs to get home to take care of their families. ii. The security also took a control measure ,by knowing what tell people so as not to create unnecessary or false alarm to the who want to take shelter in company’s lobby. 4. Authority says the explosion was an occupational hazard i.e an accident. i. Several employees were hospitalized for quality treatment People are upset that cafeteria did not have more supply at hand. i. Due to the explosion, company took a security measure by closing the cafeteria for while pending the time that the immediate danger passes. SCENARIO 3 According to scenario 3, the followings are the threads and security measure to control it. THREADS SECURITY MEASURE 1.Pandemic flu outbreaks starts in Hongkong i. The company took a precautionary measure by telling the employees to have traveled to hongkong not to return to work until they see a doctor so as to prevent the spread of the flu within the organization since it is communicable disease ii. As a precautionary measure, the company decided having security at the front door to interrogate visitors whether they have been to hongkong for the past three weeks so as to prevent the spread of disease SUGGESTTIONS i. A quarantine system should also be implemented i.e the isolation of infected animals and people from the normal people. ii. Dust mask should always be used within the company vicinity till the flu suppresses . 2. Few people were diagnosed with the flue i.e infected i. Students took a security measure by absenting from school so as not to contact the flu. ii. As a precautionary measure, some employees did not do to work because they afraid to go out in public so as not to be infected with the deadly flu . 3.The disease spreads i. Employees are demanding for vaccinations and dust mask so as to cure and minimize the spread of the flu disease. ii. As a precautionary measure, managers consider letting crucial staff volunteer for a lock down i.e restricted to a confined area so as to prevent the spread of the disease. iii. They consider directing work to another location or calling retired workers to help out in order to prevent the spread of the disease within the organization 4.The has peaked. i. As a precautionary measure , employees were not whether to return to work so as not contact the deadly flu disease.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Review on Scholarly Empirical Journal Article Literature

On Scholarly Empirical Journal Article - Literature review Example The article mentions that business ethics deals with three different things; avoiding actions that could lead to universal law suits touching the company, avoiding breaking laws within an individual’s work-related activities. In analyzing the way the research study was completed, the focus is on the methodology area, data collection, and analysis. In completing the study, thirty participants from thirty different organizations were used. The material or apparatus used in this study was a questionnaire. These participants were provided with questionnaires that outlined certain situations possible within an organization. They were expected to provide a feedback on how they would react faced with the situations in the questionnaires (Dr. Manning, 2012). The results section provided an analysis of the results. Finally, in the conclusion area, the writer summarized the results of the study, and gave an evaluation of whether the findings were related to the hypothesis. In the assessment of the journal article, based on what I have learned so far, it is arguable that it was well done. This is because it took into consideration the basics of a standard scholarly empirical journal article (Selden, 2012). The survey was described in details, as well as the methodology. The writer carefully introduces the issue of study and gives the reader a foreshadow of what is to be found in the article. The data collection method has also been carefully described, with the analysis and conclusion based on its findings (Feldman, 2004).

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Women in Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Women in Engineering - Essay Example The first six clippings are analyzed in detail whereas the rest of them are summed up into an aggregate account in the end. The analysis throws light on the overall perspective which is affecting the economy of the US nation as a whole. FIRST CLIPPING â€Å"Women who leave engineering jobs after obtaining the necessary degree are significantly more likely to leave the field because of an uncomfortable work climate than because of family reasons, according to a study being undertaken at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM).† (Science Daily, 2008) The above mentioned news clipping revolves around the most current problem that is being faced by women engineers nowadays. The overall ethical structure of the society and more importantly that of a workplace has deteriorated so very much that day by day it is becoming increasingly difficult for the fairer sex to take advantage of it. The above mentioned current problem is very moral negating. ... The above research was the outcome of a latest study conducted in Milwaukee using about half a million grant by the National Science Foundation. The study was based on an online survey. Around 3700 women who had done their engineering degree from over 230 countries participated in the survey. Among the four type of respondents women who never entered their practical engineering field constituted a considerable part. THIRD CLIPPING â€Å"As the need for engineering professionals grows, educators and industry leaders are increasingly concerned with how to attract women to a traditional male career. A new University of Missouri study found the impact of the engineering curriculum and obstacles, including self-efficacy and feelings of inclusion, can impede women’s success in the predominantly male discipline of engineering.† (Science Daily, 2008) Engineering is a predominantly male discipline. The structural difficulties and obstacles encountered by students pursuing this c areer needs to be taken into account when realizing the reasons behind its being predominantly male. Engineering is mainly a tough field. The excessive hours spent in it along with the harsh conditions involved in the practical environment of engineering are not apart from the difficulties that are faced by engineering students during their studies. Rigid mathematical calculations involving calculus are just a few of the obstacles that the engineering curriculum involves. This scenario is making it troublesome for industrialists because lesser and lesser women are entering the field of engineering day by day. The need of the day is that steps should be taken that would persuade women and would convince them

MRSA and the risks associated with AIDS patients Research Paper

MRSA and the risks associated with AIDS patients - Research Paper Example HIV infected patients are at amplified risk for Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization, infection and blood stream infection. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has come out as a common cause of infections in community and hospital settings (Hidron, 2005). It is evident that, apart from emerging cause of skin and soft tissue infections, S. aureus, including MRSA, also represents a significant proportion of invasive infections, including bacteremia (Senthilkumar, 2001). The rate of clinically significant MRSA infections has continued over time in HIV-infected populations (Mathews, 2005). Studies carried out in past also revealed distinct risk factor patterns for MRSA infections in patients with HIV including low CD4 cell count, high HIV-RNA viral load, and absence of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (Tumbarello , 2002, Mathews, 2005). Most studies of MRSA infection in HIV-infected patients have primarily evaluated skin and so ft tissue infections with only a small number of bloodstream infections (Nguyen, 1999, Mathews, 2005). Although much studies have been performed but little is known about the epidemiology of and unique risk factors for MRSA bacteraemia in HIV-infected patients in the present epoch of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (Senthilkumar, 2001). The reason for this has been postulated that, at present approved empiric regimens often lead to delayed use of appropriate antibiotics for presumed sepsis. As compared to patients with methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) bacteremia, patients with MRSA bacteremia were significantly less likely to have received effective antibiotic treatment within the first 48 hours of hospitalization (Roghmann, 2000). The situation becomes more critical in case of HIV-infected patients; there is particular concern about life-threatening invasive MRSA infections. A large study of bacteremia

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Identifying 2 Potential Apps Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Identifying 2 Potential Apps - Research Paper Example This will need a group of twelve people to work on the project. This application will execute in advanced phones like those that use operating systems such as android, I Operating systems; windows mobile and HP web OS. This is because it supports portable executive format that is a property of .net framework. They also provide IDE (integrated development environment) and free SDK. This application is coded in advanced programming languages such as html, CSS, JavaScript, C, and C++. Since this application is web based, .net languages are the most suitable. This application queries the school database and gives the feedback via the phone. For this to work the apps must communicate with the server that stores all the information about the students. The school database must be updated regularly so that information send is updated. Other details about the student are also monitored so that the system becomes more user-friendly There two ways in which the app will function. The first one is through the web. In this the application is installed on the phone. To use it, you load the application just like the normal web page in the phone and it will display a form where you enter the student’s details for example the admission number, level of study and name then you submit. This can be made possible by interconnecting the app program with the school website or it can be stand alone. The other methods that the application can work are through the mobile phone features like the SMS and the MMS. For this to work you agree with the network providers in that particular region such that they facilitate the connection. The parent just composes an SMS containing the details of the student and sent to a specific number. Then network provider will query the database using the same app and gives the results to the parent as part of their network services. Andriessen and Matti 65. The applications that

Friday, July 26, 2019

Rooms Division Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Rooms Division - Assignment Example The front office sells guestrooms, register guests, and assign guestrooms among other duties. Housekeeping department on the other hand is responsible for the cleanliness, appearance, and condition of the entire hotel. This includes the public areas. It is the largest department in terms of number of people employed. It is the goal of every business enterprise to maximize profits McDonald (1993). Revenue management encompasses the maximization of the total revenue of a hotel. Yield management concentrates on the revenue maximization of accommodation, such as guest rooms, meeting and convention rooms or restaurant space This is the process of understanding, anticipating and influencing the consumer behavior as a way of maximizing profits from fixed or perishable resources such as hotel reservations (www.hotelmule.com/yieldmanagement). Hotels need to sell the right product to the right customer at the right time for the right price (www.wikipedia.org)There is three revenue management methods for measuring the yield management namely: This technique is used to estimate based on history, expectations, trends or experience of an activity over a certain period of time. Forecasting room availability is forecasting the number of rooms available for sale on any future date (www.hotelmule.com/forecasting). It helps manage the reservation process, guides the front office staff for an effective room’s management, and can be used as an occupancy forecast, which is further, useful in attempting to schedule the necessary number of employees for an expected volume of business. Models include; statistical and judgmental. Statistical models include; trend projection, seasonal and smoothing while judgmental include; expert opinion, market surveys and Delphi technique. Moving Average method-Similar to the â€Å"percentage growth method†, the moving average method assumes an increasing or decreasing trend. This technique is aimed at smoothing

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Discussion and Respond. 3 Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion and Respond. 3 - Dissertation Example Effective leaders, through theoretical and practical skills determine these factors and design strategies that would ensure that goals are attained. Monkey Story (Company Norms) The story is a good analogy of how corporate norms are justified or rationalized. However, eventually, it presumes that, just like monkeys, employees manifest a blind adherence to company norms without questioning the underlying rationale for the behavior. I beg to disagree. People are rational beings. Eventually, new comers question why they are being told to do things the way they should do. Normally, organizations orient new employees by making them acquaint themselves with company policies and the organization’s code of discipline so that their work behavior is justified by the rules and regulations explicitly stated in the company policies and code of discipline. These are critical to ensure order, discipline and appropriate observance of work ethics and moral conduct expected of employees in a pr ofessional endeavor. US Navy Stand-Off Story, Communication It is a funny but effective story that exemplifies arrogance in communication definitely turns people off.

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Current Market Conditions Analysis competitive Analysis Essay

Current Market Conditions Analysis competitive Analysis - Essay Example The relationship between the amount of labour and capital employed with regards to the law of diminishing productivity helps management in various ways. The management can be able to alter levels of various inputs in a bid to adjust productivity usually upwards. The main issue that faces management can be deciding what the best level of input is to maximize profit as opposed to maximizing production. As firms vary the number of workers in a bid to vary labour, the addition of more workers strains the small work space and tools. This ultimately leads to down slope in the marginal product of labour. Since land and Capital are the only fixed factors of production, labour would be the only factor varied here. The most substantial effects of the diminishing marginal returns for a company can be its effect on the cost of production. Productivity of labour gets determined by the variable cost of labour. When productivity of a worker goes up the cost of production goes down but when a firm goes through diminishing marginal returns, the productivity goes down. The cost of extra units also begins to raise this, therefore, results in low profits. (Becker 2007) Although making profit may be the key goal for many firms, finding the best way to maximize profits without altering so many inputs in production can be important. Analyzing the best mix of the factors of production varying labour will eventually lead to maximum profits and opportunities for firms. Analyzing primary competitors’ production strategies can also help in evaluating the best way to handle

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Quantitve and qualitative method of research, sociology Essay

Quantitve and qualitative method of research, sociology - Essay Example Research methodology is the procedural framework within which the research is conducted. The methodology would depend upon the topic to be researched and the specific research questions are the primary drivers. Positivism (quantitative with hypothesis testing) and interpretivism (qualitative with hypothesis generalizations) are the different types of research philosophies, each has its own purposes and advantages. Research philosophy highlights two different schools of thought on the how to conduct research. Arguments should be evaluated in different ways because primarily arguments have different roles and purposes and people assess according to the purpose in their mind. At times arguments provide useful information depending on one’s knowledge of how the world works. In a different setting, one can take an abstract approach and ask what follows from a given set of information and then decide on the outcome. Arguments can be evaluated in two qualitatively different ways – in terms of their deductive correctness or in terms of inductive strength (Rips, 2001). Quantitative methodology is a positivist approach in sociology research. Positivism is characterized by operational definitions, objectivity, replicability and causality (Bryman, 1984). Through questionnaire items the concepts can be operationalized; objectivity can be obtained by maintaining distance between the observer and the observed. By applying the same research instrument in another context replication can be maintained and causality is handled through path analysis and related regression techniques. Quantitative investigations look for â€Å"distinguishing characteristics, elemental properties and empirical boundaries’ and tend to measure â€Å"how much† or â€Å"how often† (Nau, 1995 cited by Amaratunga et al.,). Quantitative research designs determine the truth value of propositions and allow flexibility in the

Monday, July 22, 2019

Factors affecting growth and development Essay Example for Free

Factors affecting growth and development Essay Introduction There are numerous factors that could potentially affect how an individual grows and develops. As Beyoncà © was growing up she may or may not have experienced factors that could influence on how she lives and what her future plans out to be. In this assignment, I will explain different situations for 5 life factors that may determine how someone lives. One of these is the biological factor. This is anything that affects how someone develops for example FAS. The second factor is environmental, this affects how someone develops due to their surroundings e. g. someone who is asthmatic. Thirdly is the socioeconomic factor, which according to Classroom.synonym.com (2017) â€Å"are the social and economic experiences and realities that help mold ones personality, attitudes, and lifestyle. The factor can also define refine regions and neighborhoods.† Next is the genetic factor this factor is based on things that affect an individual’s development because of their DNA. Finally is the lifestyle factor this is where the life that someone lives can affect how they develop physically, intellectually, emotionally and socially. Biological A biological factor that I would be explaining is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), which ultimately is an avoidable condition caused by the heavy consumption of alcohol that the pregnant mother is in taking. When an individual is pregnant the baby depends on them to be able to survive and grow, this process is done from the mother passing nutrients and oxygen from her blood, into the unborn baby’s placenta which then travels to the baby’s bloodstream. The mother will also help with the removal of waste and CO from the unborn baby. When a mother drinks alcohol it gets into her bloodstream which then eventually will pass through the placenta, which separates the mothers and baby’s blood, then entering the baby’s bloodstream. Mackintosh. M (2017) says that â€Å"drinking alcohol in the first three months is linked to miscarriage and birth abnormalities.† This is due to the high rate of alcohol in the baby’s blood which reduces the rate of oxygen ca using hindering the development of the baby’s lungs, heart and brain. There are many reasons on why someone may want to drink alcohol whilst pregnant. One reason could be that they are addicted to alcohol meaning that they can’t usually stop without the help of other people. Another reason could be that the mother just simply is totally clueless of her pregnancy, therefore, has carried on as normal for the first couple of months of the pregnancy. However, for many of the different reasons, there are people who are willing to help to ensure the safety of you and the unborn baby. An individual living with FAS will normally have visible physical effects such as distinctive facial features which include: a small head, narrow eyes and a smooth philtrum (the area between the nose and top lip). However, these features are more apparent when they are younger. It is known for some people who have FAS to have learning difficulties such as such as problems with thinking, speech, social skills, timekeeping, math’s or memory and mood, attention or behavioral problems – such as autism-like behavior or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (NHS.UK, 2017) According to psychiatry.emory.edu (2017), â€Å"Children and adolescent with FAS and other alcohol-related disorders may be developmentally delayed, have mental retardation or have problems with specific learning differences or disabilities. These conditions are often associated with social, emotional, behavioral, and academic problems.† When these and other deficits are not identified early in life, children may be viewed as being deliberately â€Å"bad† or having â€Å"emotional† problems when, in fact, they are unable to act in ways that caregivers ask of them. Such labels can be very damaging to self-esteem.† Environmental There are many environmental factors that could affect an individual’s development, physically, intellectually, emotionally, and socially. For this factor, I will be explaining the effects of ‘Damp and Overcrowded Housing’. Dampness in buildings are mainly caused by the condensation of moisture in the air, the moisture settles and create perfect environments for bacteria such as fungi to grow. For example, If the mold/damp is present on a painted or wallpapered wall, it would cause the paint or wallpaper to peel away from them. If the mold continues to grow, it increases the risk of respiratory problems such as coughs and asthma, this is more likely for children. Many families live in a house that thrives with mold and dampness, leaving them open to the effects. There are many children who will experience asthma attacks due to the mold and overcrowding, resulting in them missing vital days of school. Which then lowers their chances of getting good qualifications, decreasing the chances of getting well-paid jobs. Living in poor quality housing will also affect an individual’s mental state, they may end up being depressed and stressed, due to the pressures that they are put under. The effects of stress can lead to behavioral problems such as eating disorders, physical problems such as nausea and dizziness, and cognitive problems such as memory loss, (Helpguide.org, 2017). It may also result in miscarriages or premature births which isn’t really good for the mother or the child. Due to there not being enough room in the house it could cause fights and relationship pressures to occur. Living in a damp and overcrowded house can also lead to other environmental factors such as discrimination. Discrimination affects both the children and adults of the family. For example, if a child, living in a house that has damp went to school some children may bully that individual because their clothes may smell like damp. This will affect how they make friends, because they may be wary about how people will react to them due to the past or ongoing situations of where they have been bullied. â€Å"Children from low-income families often forgo events that most of us would take for granted. They miss school trips; can’t invite friends round for tea; and can’t afford a one-week holiday away from home. While studies show that there are more play areas in deprived areas, their quality is generally poorer. Vandalism, playground misuse and danger of injury all act as deterrents to using what otherwise might be good facilities.† (cpag.org, 2017) Socioeconomic Income is the money that an individual or household gets and according to myaccountingcourse.com (2017) expenditures â€Å"are payments of currency or barter credits for necessary inputs (goods or services). This could be anything from purchases equipment to hiring employees. Obligatory settlements or payment of liabilities such as invoices, receipts, and vouchers can also be considered expenditures.† Both expenditures and income can affect an individual’s life in positive and negative ways, â€Å"your income has a greater impact on your health than lifestyle choices.† (Therecord.com 2017). An individual living in a high-income family may experience many positive interactions and opportunities that people who may be living in a low-income family may not experience. However, there are some disadvantages of being in a high-income family is that others may take advantage of them, for the money. Another disadvantage that applies to both high and low-income families i s that the individuals within may start to become ungrateful towards things and not think of others. Children who live in low-income households tend to struggle more than others with a higher income in many situations in life for example education or health, this is the secondary effects of an individual being poorer. Children living in poorer households are more likely to have low attendance/punctuality at school and are also more likely to get behavior referrals due to ‘bad behavior’. Lowered attendance leads too many missed lessons which put them behind hindering their intellectual development and their behavior which is seen as socially wrong would impact on them making friends. â€Å"Education is the process of learning. It includes the difference in the level of education that somebody has received and the qualifications that somebody has,† (classroom notes, 2017). Children from around the age of 5 may start to experience being bullied, due to their family income by other children, this can cause emotional outbursts triggering them to act out or even being extremely weary and quiet. Bullying can cause an individual to be emotionally unstable which will have impacts on their sexual relationships in future life. According to jrf.org.uk, (2017) â€Å"income influences many different outcomes at the same time, including maternal mental health and children\s anxiety levels and behavior.† Someone living in a high-income family will physical dress up well and they may have the latest fashion trends, whereas someone living in a low-income family may appear to have scruffy or large clothes that may most likely be handed down from a family member. Genetic The genetic factor that I will be explaining in this assessment is cystic fibrosis (CF). Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder which causes a mass production of mucus to build up throughout the individual’s organs in their body. An individual will only get CF if both biological parents were carriers of the gene. This means that parents that don’t have CF have a possibility of conceiving a child who has and shows CF. this disorder is very harmfully for an individual it affects their lungs due to the buildup of mucus in the pathways which then leaves them open to infections. Cysticfibrosis.org.uk (2017), states that â€Å"Cystic fibrosis can cause the pancreas to become blocked with mucus, and when this happens enzymes required for digesting food cannot reach the stomach. People with CF often need to take more than 50 tablets a day to help digest food and keep respiratory symptoms in check.† Someone who has cystic fibrosis will have a lowered life expectancy the average life expectancy of someone one living with CF is 41years old. Cystic fibrosis affects someone’s daily life because for treatment an individual will have to go through daily routines such as physio and taken tablets. These help to control the effects of CF. â€Å"Living with a chronic disease, such as CF, can be emotionally challenging. Although moments of sadness and anxiety due to the uncertainty of your health may come and go, depression and persistent anxiety should be treated as part of your overall health and emotional wellness.† (cff.org, 2017). Due to appointments, a CF patient may experience a low attendance at school or college, the missing lesson will then have intellectual development issues on the individual because they have missed out on key information that the teacher has given out. This disadvantages that individual compared to their peers which might cause them to feel isol ated. Lifestyle For this factor, I will be explaining about the use and misuse of substances. There are 2 types of drugs that someone may use these are: medical drugs such as paracetamol are usually prescribed by a doctor, to either relieve pain or to cure illness. Mackintosh. M (2017), explains that â€Å"recreational drugs such as alcohol and tobacco are taken by people because they like the effects that they have on their bodies, but they are addictive. Heroin and cocaine are illegal recreational drugs that are very addictive.† There are 3 main categories of drugs these are depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens (cause hallucinations or sensations and images that seem real though they are not). These will all influence an individual, however, the effects will be different depending on the type of drug that they have taken. Depressants such as alcohol and heroin tend to reduce the activity of an individual’s nervous system for a while. Some people will drink alcohol because they are feeling low/stressed, however, the effects of the alcohol cause the person to feel even lower so then they would drink some more, and the cycle will then continue. This may result in an individual beige pendant on alcohol which is a gateway to addiction. According to Wikipedia.org (2017), â€Å"alcohol intoxication affects the brain causing slurred speech and delayed reflexes.† Stimulants such as caffeine, speed up the reactions of the nervous system resulting in high performances in sports. According to Drugfre eworld.com (2017), â€Å"Stimulants can be addictive. Repeated high doses of some stimulants over a short period can lead to feelings of hostility or paranoia. Such doses may also result in dangerously high body temperatures and an irregular heartbeat.† This can cause individuals to feel socially cut off from everyone, which will affect them socially and emotionally.

Performance Management Essay Example for Free

Performance Management Essay 1. Summarize the seven (7) components of the framework for coaching and performances management, and identify which ones you require development in and why. The seven components of the frame work for coaching and performance management are the coaching relationship\, insight, motivation, capabilities, real-world practice, accountability, and organizational context. The first and most important step in the performance management process is to communicate what is expected. The should also be identifications of any job related learning needs and possible ways to address these needs. There also needs to be a performance review periodically to make sure that job expectations are relevant and appropriate and revise them if needed. Managers are encouraged to do this jointly with their employees which observing and documenting their performance. Throughout the performance management cycle, you should observe your employees’ performance and identify instances of both good and poor performance. Specific events and details are important for employees to clearly understand the impact, results, and consequences of their performance. Thorough documentation will enable you to recognize good performance and help you to correct poor performance. Provide feedback you should provide frequent feedback and coaching to your employees regarding performance throughout the year. This is especially important for the employee who is performing poorly. To be effective, feedback needs to be immediate, specific, and expressed in relation to a particular outcome and expectation. Deal With Performance That Does Not Meet Expectations. You may wish to enlist the support of your manager. He/she can give you the benefit of his or her experience and provide input and support before proceeding. Also, you can use the services of your Human Resources or Labor Relations Components especially if you are contemplating disciplinary action. They will provide the procedural and regulatory guidance as well as assistance in looking at alternatives and providing resources, intervention strategies, and other support.† (Public service commission) 2. Evaluate the validity of each of the reasons provided for failure in performance management. The reasons provided for failure in performance management versus performance appraisal discipline gap, accountability, measurement scarcity or overload, lack of balance and failure to assess impact. â€Å"There are two primary purposes of performance appraisal: evaluative and developmental. The evaluative purpose is intended to inform people of their performance standing. The collected performance data are frequently used to reward high performance and to punish poor performance.† (Smither, 2009) The developmental purpose is intended to identify problems in employees performing the assigned task. The collected performance data are used to provide necessary skill training or professional development. â€Å"The purpose of performance appraisal must be clearly communicated both to raters and rates, because their reactions to the appraisal process are significantly different depending on the intended purpose. Failure to inform about the purpose or misleading information about the purpose may result in inaccurate and biased appraisal reports.† (Cascio, 1998) 3. Identify two (2) of the barriers of success that are evident in preventing successful execution of performance management in a company you know well and recommend a solution to the problems. If you have not worked with or for a company that evaluates employee performance through performance management, imagine what the problems would be based on your knowledge of the company. Be sure to provide your rationale. Future scenarios allow organizations to explore multiple potential futures and generate robust strategies and early warning signs to understand how the future is unfolding. Where a vision articulates a â€Å"preferred future,† future scenarios describe how an organization might achieve its mission in different circumstances or environments. Organizations identify a focal issue or major decision the organization faces and the critical uncertainties in the macro environment, such as social, economic, political, environmental, and technical forces. Scenarios are developed based on combinations of these forces and robust strategies are identified to address multiple futures. Finally, indicators are identified to help understand how the future is affecting the organization’s decisions. In-order to fully understand the rationale past, present, and future analysis would have to be done on different work environments in-order to generally process the full computation of how and HR performance management society would work to stay in constant communication with the employee’s skill set.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Functions of Management Accounting in an Organisation

Functions of Management Accounting in an Organisation â€Å"One of the functions of Management Accounting is to provide information for control purposes within an organisation.† The importance of control within an organisation The ways in which management accounting information can be used for control. The factors which may influence the effectiveness of control information. Introduction In simple terms, management accounting is the amalgamation of the two important functions ‘management’ and ‘accounting’. Thus when the principles of management and accounting are married to achieve corporate objectives the process is deemed to provide tangible results. Accounting has been defined by the American Accounting Association as, â€Å"the process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to permit informed judgements and decisions by users of information.† On the other hand, Management according to Drucker (1974) consists of the performance of functions like planning, controlling, organising, communicating and motivating. The following paper will analyse the key functions performed by management accounting. This paper will also attempt to highlight the contribution of management accounting in achieving control in the organisation. Besides, the paper will also provide a descriptive analysis of how effective control can be implemented within an organisational context. According to Johnson and Kaplan (1987) management accounting emerged since the early nineteenth century with the emergence of managed and hierarchical enterprises. The industrial revolution and in particular the rapid growth of railways led to an even faster growth of management accounting systems. Hence according to Johnson and Kaplan (1987) management accounting systems evolved to motivate and evaluate efficiency of internal processes and not to measure the overall profit of the organisation. Information is a powerful tool for every organisation. In today’s competitive and volatile business environment, information is one of the important tools which provides organisation with a competitive edge. In an organisation, managers would require information that will help them in making decisions and controlling activities. As highlighted by Drury (1998:3), information is needed to estimate selling prices, costs, demand, competitive position and profitability of various products that are made by the organisation. Accounting information provides the managers the power to assess the credit worthiness of a potential borrower. It can be said that management accounting is that branch of accounting which is concerned with the provision of information to people within the organisation to help them make better decisions. Organisations perform tasks to achieve organisational objectives, which are derived from the mission statements and which are then broken down into long and/or short term objectives. The successful achievement of these objectives depends on effective management processes. The processes will yield desirable results only when efficient performance management and measurement systems are in place. This further highlights the importance of having a system of control and review in the organisation. Control therefore involves a comparison of actual performance with plans so that deviations from plans can be identified and corrective action can be taken (Drury, 1998: 13). Importance of Control Control is not very different from monitoring. >From a human resource management perspective, it is essential to control/monitor the performance of individuals, as it in turn has an impact on the overall organisational performance. Various benchmarks and performance indicators are decided, which vary from one organisation to other and from one industry to other, which accurately measures how well a company is doing in relation to its past performance and how well is it performing on an industry wide basis. Performance can be measured in both qualitative and quantitative terms. Quantitative measures are easier to measure and interpret, thus accounting ratios, turnover, profit levels etc, provide a sound basis of measurement for performance. Control, therefore, serves the purpose of ensuring that the gap between actual and target performance is minimised. The control process enables management to assess whether or not the objectives included in the long-term objectives are likely to be achieved or not. An effective control system would highlight potential problems and provide warning signals if the likelihood of meeting the long-term objectives was bleak. The importance of having control mechanisms can only be understood in light of explaining the consequences of lack of having one. Lack of any kind of control in the organisation would mean that individuals would be doing whatever they wish to do. There would be no clear aims and objective towards which the individual would be working. This would lead to ultimately the organisation losing a sense of direction as well as prolonging the achievement of strategic objectives and to a great extent slowing down the growth of the company. Lack of appropriate control mechanisms would mean that employees in the organisation would not be appraised accurately. The scenario where the manager has the data and statistics relating to the actual performance against the required performance would mean he would be providing a more objective appraisal and feedback and thereby giving the employee more tangible targets to work towards; comparing that to a scenario where the manager does not have any such information would only mean that the appraisal is subjective, biased and flawed. This could ultimately have an effect on the motivation and morale of the employee. Control mechanism would avoid the occurrence of any such scenario, as the benchmarks would already be set against which the employee would be measured. A control system is a communication network that monitors activities within the organisation and provides corrective action in the future. Emmanuel et.al (1990) states that four conditions must be met before any process can said to be controlled: Objectives for the process being controlled must exist. The output of the process must be measurable. In other words, a mechanism must be in place for ascertaining whether the process is attaining its objectives A predictive model of the process being controlled is required so that causes for non-attainment can be identified and proposed corrective actions evaluated. There must be capability for taking action so that deviations from objectives can be reduced. It must be noted, that for any control mechanism or system to work efficiently, it must be supported by efficient communication systems. Any activity in the firm, which will have an impact on its development and profitability, will only work when it is communicated at all levels of the organisation. Thus, control measures supported by a positive communication system are imperative for the control structure to provide beneficial results. Management Accounting and Control From management accounting perspective, budgeting is an important variable to ensure effective control. Budgeting provides managers with the tool to ascertain which costs do not conform to the original plan and enables them to operate ‘management by exception’ system. This would help the managers to identify inefficiencies which might arise from the purchase of inferior quality materials. It is important to note that it would be misleading to compare actual costs at one level of activity with budgeted costs at another level of activity. Thus it is important that the original budget must be adjusted to the actual level of activity. In addition, management accounting also provides scope to prepare performance reports which would indicate whether the scheduled production of x number units has been achieved or not. The reasons could vary from inefficiency of the manager in managing or in failing to meet the budgeted sales demand or drafting of an incorrect sales budget; whatever the cause performance report indicates how efficient the manager has been in controlling the costs by comparing actual against total. Management accounting also presents information about performance, which is done by comparing budgeted outputs and costs with actual outputs and costs. This can be achieved by preparing management audits. According to Drury (1998), management audits in that sense investigates the entire management control system and focuses on the following aspects of organisational performance: The nature and functioning of the organisation’s managerial systems and procedures. The economy and efficiency with which the organisation’s services are provided. The effectiveness of the organisation’s performance in achieving its objectives. While producing management audit, the control aspect within it would involve exploring questions on the ways of comparing objectives with the needs of the population, methods of identifying activities that are not meeting objectives, the use of investment appraisal techniques and the methods of monitoring projects against the initial appraisal. Besides management audit, performance reports also provide measures to monitor activities. Drury suggests that performance reports must not be used as a tool to blame the employees. Instead it should be used to monitor activities and identify those items which do not proceed according to plan and the report must take into account the variability in costs. The rationale is that some costs vary with changes in the level of activity; hence it is important to consider the variability. In the preceding paragraphs communication was identified as an important tool in effective control implementation. Besides communication several other factors like filtering ‘noise’ from the data is important. Inaccurate information can distort the very purpose of control. Therefore an effective control system should ensure that data and information must be relevant. From an accounting perspective it is imperative that relevant and irrelevant costs are accurately distinguished and so that the possibility of inaccurate budgets is minimised. This can only happen when resource analysis and management audits are performed on a regular basis. Moreover, the analysis must use factors which make the analysis more objective rather than subjective. Conclusion From the preceding paragraphs it can be concluded that having a control system is imperative for an organisation to meet its long terms strategic goals and objectives. Control system provides a tool for the managers not only to assess the performance of their staff but also it helps to asses their own performance in terms of identifying inefficient practices. It provides them with the opportunity to review and reassess the working methods so that unnecessary costs can be minimised, organisational performance can improve and the organisation stays with budget. Management accounting provides various options like budgets, management audits, and a performance report structure which helps the managers achieve the objective of effectively managing their function. However, control systems can provide best results only when accompanied with an equally efficient communication structure. For any system to work efficiently it is imperative that the benefits, rationale and method of the system a re communicated to all staff members at all levels. Thus in conclusion it can be said that the information provided by management accounting aides in maintaining control in the organisation and one of the core purposes of management accounting is to provide information for control and monitoring purpose in the organisation. BIBLIOGRAPHY Atrill, Peter and McLaney, Eddie, Management Accounting for Decision-Makers, (2004), FT Prentice Hall Black, Geoff, Introduction to Accounting and Finance, (2005), FT Prentice Hall Drucker, P. Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices, (1974) Heinemann Drury, Colin, Management and Cost Accounting, (1998), 4th edition, Thomson Business Press. Emmanuel, C.R., Otley, D.T., and Merchant, K., (1990), Accounting by Management Control, Chapman and Hall Johnson, H.T., Kaplan, R.S., Professors, customers and value: bringing a global perspective to management accounting education, in Performance Excellence in Manufacturing and Services Organisation., American Accounting Association Garrison, Ray, Noreen, Eric, Seal, Willie, Management Accounting: European Edition (2002), McGraw Hill Higher Education Horngren, Charles, Stratton, William O., Sundem, Gary L., Introduction to Management Accounting, (2004), FT Prentice Hall.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

James Francis :: essays research papers

James Francis Thorpe accomplished without argument what no other athlete in history has. The Sac and Fox Indian won gold medals in the pentathlon and decathlon in the 1912 Olympic games in Sweden and played both professional football and professional baseball. His feats on the football field put him on the 1911 and 1912 All-American football teams. In 1920 he became the first president of the American Professional Football Association (later to become the NFL). In 1951, he was one of the first men to be admitted to the National Football Foundation’s Hall of Fame. Knowing that Jim had athletic capabilities, Hiram Thorpe, his father, sent him off to school in Pennsylvania, away from his home, Prague, Oklahoma. Hiram said, I want him to go make something of himself, for he cannot do it here.'; 1 Thorpe began his athletic career at the Carlisle (Pa.) Indian Industrial School. As story goes, Glenn Warner, the coach of the Carlisle football school, made Jim try out for the football team by the means of a test. Thorpe was instructed to carry the ball from one end zone to the other end zone while the whole first-string football out to tackle him. He caught the punted ball and returned it with ease, not once but twice. Warner came up to Jim and told him it was suppose to be a tackling drill. Jim replied, “Nobody tackles Jim.'; 2 From this point on he led this small time school to national fame in football. He was an outstanding runner, place-kicker, and tackler, and because of his greatness in each of these positions he won all America honors in 1911 and 1912. When Thorpe played Army, another college, he played against the to be 34th president of the United States. In that game Dwight Eisenhower injured himself in the process of attempting to tackle Jim, an injury that cost him the rest of his football career. Dwight later stated, “Thorpe gained ground; he always gained ground. He was the greatest man I ever saw.'; 3 At the Olympic Games at Stockholm, Sweden, in 1912, Jim Thorpe performed the dazzling accomplishment of winning both the five-event pentathlon and ten-event-decathlon, an achievement that had never ever been performed by an athlete. King Gustav of Sweden presented the winners their gold medals. When it was Thorpe’s turn, he draped the medal about his shoulders and said, “Sir, you are the greatest athlete in the world.

Alfarabi And Aristotle: The Four Causes And The Four Stages Of The Doc

Alfarabi and Aristotle: The Four Causes and The Four Stages of The Doctrine of The Intelligence Alfarabi was raised as a young boy in Baghdad. His early life was spent studying the art of linguistics, philosophy, and logic. His teachers were Syrian Christians experts in Greek philosophy. He studied Aristotle and Plato in detail, and it became evident in his later writings that they were a strong influence on him. He became quite a prolific writer, and he wrote more than 100 works, many of which have unfortunately been lost including his a lot of his commentaries on Aristotle. He was one of the earliest Islamic thinkers to transmit to the world of his time the doctrines of Plato and Aristotle. He is considered by many to be the founder of an authentic philosophy. His writings created a lot of support, debate, and controversy. He contributed materials on the proof of the existence of the First Principle, and on the theory of emanation, as well as the theory of knowledge, in addition to his commentaries on Greek philosophers. The Greek influence is clearly present in his works, especially with his Opinions of the Inhabitants of a Virtuous City, where he laid down a philosophical, religious, and social system for the humanity at large; a system that sought to break barriers and facilitate relations among people and nations. This work sounded very similar to the work presented by Plato in Plato's Republic. They both took into consideration the matter of city/state, who was to govern, who was to be governed, how this governing was to take place, how it was to be enforced, and so on. It also appears clear that he was influenced greatly by Aristotle. This influence is present in his "Doctrine of the Intellect". The Doctrine of the intellect was Alfarabi's approach to giving his own interpretation to the intellect. There are strong similarities between Alfarabi's Doctrine of the Intellect and Aristotle's "Four Causes". Needless to say that they each are comprised of four stages, but the stages seem very similar, they seem to be representative of one another, almost to the point of defining one another. It will be demonstrated that Alfarabi used Aristotle's "Four Causes" to derive and support the Doctrine of the Intellect. Alfarabi draws off of Ar... ... of Alfarabi, then it is clear that there was a strong Aristotelianism influence on Alfarabi. This is evident in several of the writings such as in his mentions of the four senses, intellect in potentiality, intellect in actuality, acquired intellect, and with the agent intellect. There are several other writings that are credited to Alfarabi that were based on Plato and Aristotle, so there is no real reason to assume that these writings were not those of Alfarabi. It appears that Alfarabi uses the basic principles of Aristotle and has applied them to his principles of the Doctrine of the Intellect in order to rationalize his philosophy. Alfarabi was a philosopher that grabbed new ideas and harnessed them with some of the greatest philosophical minds known to man. He took Aristotle to a new level, doesn't any true philosopher? He embodied the thoughts of previous minds, and united them with his own and became a very powerful influence on Islamic philosophy. It is clear that Aristotle was used to develop his Doctrine of the Intellect. The similarities, the context, and the rational are too similar to belong to anyone else. Alfarabi And Aristotle: The Four Causes And The Four Stages Of The Doc Alfarabi and Aristotle: The Four Causes and The Four Stages of The Doctrine of The Intelligence Alfarabi was raised as a young boy in Baghdad. His early life was spent studying the art of linguistics, philosophy, and logic. His teachers were Syrian Christians experts in Greek philosophy. He studied Aristotle and Plato in detail, and it became evident in his later writings that they were a strong influence on him. He became quite a prolific writer, and he wrote more than 100 works, many of which have unfortunately been lost including his a lot of his commentaries on Aristotle. He was one of the earliest Islamic thinkers to transmit to the world of his time the doctrines of Plato and Aristotle. He is considered by many to be the founder of an authentic philosophy. His writings created a lot of support, debate, and controversy. He contributed materials on the proof of the existence of the First Principle, and on the theory of emanation, as well as the theory of knowledge, in addition to his commentaries on Greek philosophers. The Greek influence is clearly present in his works, especially with his Opinions of the Inhabitants of a Virtuous City, where he laid down a philosophical, religious, and social system for the humanity at large; a system that sought to break barriers and facilitate relations among people and nations. This work sounded very similar to the work presented by Plato in Plato's Republic. They both took into consideration the matter of city/state, who was to govern, who was to be governed, how this governing was to take place, how it was to be enforced, and so on. It also appears clear that he was influenced greatly by Aristotle. This influence is present in his "Doctrine of the Intellect". The Doctrine of the intellect was Alfarabi's approach to giving his own interpretation to the intellect. There are strong similarities between Alfarabi's Doctrine of the Intellect and Aristotle's "Four Causes". Needless to say that they each are comprised of four stages, but the stages seem very similar, they seem to be representative of one another, almost to the point of defining one another. It will be demonstrated that Alfarabi used Aristotle's "Four Causes" to derive and support the Doctrine of the Intellect. Alfarabi draws off of Ar... ... of Alfarabi, then it is clear that there was a strong Aristotelianism influence on Alfarabi. This is evident in several of the writings such as in his mentions of the four senses, intellect in potentiality, intellect in actuality, acquired intellect, and with the agent intellect. There are several other writings that are credited to Alfarabi that were based on Plato and Aristotle, so there is no real reason to assume that these writings were not those of Alfarabi. It appears that Alfarabi uses the basic principles of Aristotle and has applied them to his principles of the Doctrine of the Intellect in order to rationalize his philosophy. Alfarabi was a philosopher that grabbed new ideas and harnessed them with some of the greatest philosophical minds known to man. He took Aristotle to a new level, doesn't any true philosopher? He embodied the thoughts of previous minds, and united them with his own and became a very powerful influence on Islamic philosophy. It is clear that Aristotle was used to develop his Doctrine of the Intellect. The similarities, the context, and the rational are too similar to belong to anyone else.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Mafia as Government Essay -- essays papers

Mafia as Government History and Introduction The history of the Mafia began in the ninth century, when a secret society was formed to protect the people of Sicily. Sicily was occupied by Arab forces. A group of Sicilians fled into the countryside to escape, and later to fight, the encroaching forces. This group became the Mafia The group’s original intentions were to create a sense of loyalty and respect for tradition, culture and family. The Mafia protected its' members interests and promoted protected individuals and businesses in exchange for loyalty and monetary tribute. As time passed, and the Mafia expanded to the Americas, the Mafia became more â€Å"criminal†, engaging in provision of illegal services and collection of taxes in defiance of the â€Å"legitimate† government. It is the purpose of this work to argue that the Mafia, a â€Å"criminal† organization, meets the criteria to be considered a government. The terms Mafia or mob used in this work should be considered to be synonymous and to refer to the American Mafia. The Mafia’s structure is similar in nature to a feudal government system, with agents reporting to regional governors, who in turn report to the organization’s leader. While the mob may or may not possess an overall head, individual regions of the mob may be thought of as a form of local government. The Mafia, as it is currently being discussed, exists within the confines of the United States, and thus may be in competition with, or at least overlapping the geographic areas of other government systems. Definitions of Government Ayn Rand has much to say on the â€Å"proper function† of government, but it is unclear as to what she considers a formal definitionon of what exactly categorizes an organization as a government. Her most specific response to the question appears in the opening sentence of â€Å"The Nature of Government†. The opinion is that the use of force and the enforcement of rules should be limited to government. (Rand) Randall Holcombe references Robert Dahl and Max Weber, summarizing their points of view that a monopoly on the use of force in a given area is the defining characteristic of government, thus adding a spatial characteristic to the definition. Holcombe further points out that obviously a monopoly on the use of coercive force is not required as can be seen from examples of ov... ...orms of government will â€Å"die out† over time, then the Mafia must be relatively efficient. Regardless, efficiency is quite obviously NOT a requirement to be considered a government. Conclusion Of course any number of normative arguments may be raised as to the relative â€Å"fairness† of Mafia governance. That it lacks some air of legitamacy or morality is not at issue. The Mafia lacks a constitution, thus enabling a wide range of government action. Rights are accorded to citizens at the whim of government agents, laws may unknown and erratically enforced, shifts within the leadership of government may be violent and have unstabilizing effects on the region. However, none of these points are at issue here. The argument here is not that the Mafia is the best government, or even a good government. It is simply that it meets an objective criteria to be considered as a government. Bibliography: Holcombe, Randall G., â€Å"The Distinction Between Clubs and Governments,† in The Economic Foundations of Government, New York: New York University Press, 1994 (Chapter 5) Rand, Ayn, â€Å"The Nature of Government,† The Virtue of Selfishness. New York: Signet Books, 1964, pp 107-115

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Adult Learning Techniques and Methods Application for successful

Many organizations in today’s competitive business world focus on training to enhance capacity development to their staff in order to compete effectively. The reason that underlies this competition is the emergence of knowledge based economy that put organizations to task and compete on the basis of knowledge.Therefore, many companies focus on building and equipping their staff with necessary skills and knowledge. It is therefore, a daunting task to design, develop and plan for the workforce training intervention; since are different from children in regard to learning.As a result of complexity in instructional approach for adult learning, many training intervention for the Human Resource Development programs fail to give the desired results or changes intended by training intervention.The area of approach to design of training intervention is an outstanding concern because it determines the outcome of those training programs. In this regard, this paper shall look at best trai ning or learning design to be embraced while developing a training intervention for developing workforce. This is because adult learners process information differently than one another and justify special approach.IntroductionOrganizational learning usually aims at capacity development of the organization, individual and occupational. Campbell (2007), defines organizational capacity as the organizational potential to perform that is enabled by its ability to define and realize its goals and objectives in a more sustainable and relevant manner.Therefore, organization capacity development shall refer to the processes by which an organization effectively formulate and achieve organizational goals. In order to achieve the desired Organizational capacity through learning, training should focus to realize the needs and goals of the organization.Capacities emphasized in organizational learning are: adaptive capacity that enables organization to learn and change in response to operational environment dynamism; and operational that aims at equipping the organization workforce up-dated skills and knowledge to carryout daily activities of the organization (Baud, Gerick 1999, 131).Powers (2002), states that in order for the organizational learning to bear fruit and be meaningful, process of learning should be emphasized to ensure quality instruction to the adults in learning session.A quote by Campbell, (2007), says â€Å"many organizational facilitators have failed to give quality instruction to learners during organization’s workshops, seminars and trainings because their content and methodological approach do not match the needs of the learners† Therefore, in order to have a meaningful and useful training.A variety of learning techniques and methods are necessary when training and developing adult learners because adult learners process information differently than one another. In this line of thought, the paper shall look at these techniques that should be employed to carter for adult differences in processing the information.Learning objectivesLearning objectives are important because they guide the instructor on the designing, planning and developing training that is relevant to the needs of the trainees in relation to agenda of meeting the organizational goal. Taylor (2003); notes that good learning objectives should be derived from need assessment conducted.Importantly, learning objectives should be; realistic, measurable, time conscious, and take into account the needs of the learner. Using two sets of objectives: general objective depicts changes or competencies expected after training; while the specific objective describes what the trainees should be able to do after undergoing the training, the instructor should formulate content, method and aids to be used (Kraiger, Salas, 1997, p. 272).Organizational learningIn order to have a successful and relevant Organizational training should involve identification of the target gr oup; learning mode choice; and selection and sequencing of the contents.Identification of the training target group: training intervention will be rendered fruitless if the trainees do not put into practice the training when they go back to their functions resulting from wrong choice of the participants (Baud, Geric, 1999, p. 95).Therefore correct participant’s choice is necessary. For example, in some cases the entire department may be selected for training where there are changes in the processes regarding to that department. While in other cases, key person is involved for training for specific task or skills like C.E.O. or managerTraining mode choice: it’s important to consider sheer volume and learning task complexity that can be used to direct the choice for distance or onsite classroom. While mass vs. distributed training, since research indicates that training instruction under distributed practice is retained more and longer.Selection and sequencing of the con tent: the content should be strictly based on the learning objectives in consideration with job and task analysis. The difficult task should be allocated appropriate and sufficient time. Additionally, learning topic should not come in ad-hoc manner since it may hamper learning.Rest duration is important and dependant on the memory warm-up and psychological fatigue. In relation to rest duration, Armmons (1947), research work indicated that performance efficient may rise between 18%-43% with rest duration of 5-20 minutes after an intensive learning by trainers (Baud, Gerick 1999, p. 294).Training Activities, techniques and methodsThis is central to learning by using of instruction strategy and approach. According to Kraiger and Salas (1997), instructional strategies are set of tools, contents and methodologies which are combined to create an instructional approach.In this connection four best principles should be used to create an efficient instructional strategy: relevancy of concept s to be learned, demonstration of the altitudes, knowledge and skills to be learnt by learners; and feedback provision to instructors after practice and during practicing the skills attained.The instructional strategy selection is dependant on the instructor, but should choose a variety of strategies to accommodate content delivery, objectives, materials or aids used, and aim to maintain interest of learning.   Adults learns best by doing and working in a non-threatening, participators, respectful and informal environment.Principles of adult learning useful for instruction designIn regard to performance improvement through learning, there are six key principles to enhance successful adult learning. These principles integrate the perspectives, models and theories provided by great scholars like Kolb, Knowles, Mezirow and Freire on their take on effective learning.Participation: In learning, trainees learn more and remember the content of the subject matter when they are actively en gaged in learning process. While skills best develop by doing and engaging in practical exercise, group work, simulation, games and discussion.Furthermore participation can be enhanced by facilitating a collaborative environment, role sharing and use of friendly dialogue to encourage sharing of experiences and knowledge. Thus by enhancing positive altitudes and learning atmosphere it corresponds to participation boosting to trainers.Understanding: Greater understanding can be enhanced when training starts at the level of the trainee as provided by training needs assessment.Practices and learning activities that can increase understanding to trainers are appropriate use of vocabulary according to trainers level, use of trainers language, avoidance of unnecessary technical jargon (Celinski, 1983), reformulation of ideas in trainers own words, use of real life examples provided by the trainer and use of learners experience as examples. The checking mechanism for the learners understand ing is through use of short questions.Feedback: Feedbacks are important part of construct process for learning. Through feedback the trainees get a sense of their progression towards learning objectives and if not, they strategize how to get there. Feedback should be provided shortly after instruction to enable learners relate to processes they have used.Additionally, learners should be given good reacceptance on their feedback to encourage them to try again. For instance, instructor should use encouraging term like good trail or good attempt even if the trainee has given a wrong feedback.Interest: In training intervention, learner’s interest comes as a result of learner’s intrinsic motivation. Whereby, the trainee should be made to feel the need to learn and own the goal of training is likely to increase urge to participate and be more engaged.To achieve trainees interest in training intervention, learning objectives must be relevant to their needs, Kolb (1979) emphas ize that adult learners interest is embedded in their personal histories, vision of who they are and what the want to do. Therefore, to capture the interest of trainees, learning methods should integrate work and studies, theory and practice will provide a more productive learning undertaking by the workforce.In addition to this, adult will only remember or have interest to learn what they consider useful to them and has pleasure to learn it. Therefore, learning should be cantered on the content relevancy in accordance to what adult’s value with more pragmatic examples like marriage, divorce, parenting, taking a new job, losing a job (Powers, 2002, p. 241).Emphasis: Emphasis is attained by focusing the attention of learners on the most important points that will be useful to make a trainee remember easily. This emphasis should be used to crucial points. Through instructors, repetition, reformulation, examples, summarizing or asking question gives emphasis to main ideas desire d to be attained by use of didactic aids and exercises.This by giving more attention and time to certain concepts, it allows learners to practice and retain skills and knowledge. (Baldwin, Ford 1998: 217), state that when a trainee is not able to recall content after a training session, the content is likely to have extend the long term memory, as a result it will not be retained.Results: Organizational training intervention aimed at capacity development should make learners feel successful after the training session and enable the employee to plan how to effect and use the skills and knowledge attained in organizational working environment.As a result this learner’s confidences in his or her ability to cope with work task to a great extend supports performance improving to an individual and organization collectively.The instructor can scaffold the trainees by keeping them informed on their progress, congratulating for good work and more accelerated by issuance of a participa tory certificate to the trainees, the certificate will put employee in task of reflecting the theoretical value of certificate to practical world (Baud, Geric, 1999, p.103).Teaching methods and techniquesThe instructional methods designated to have a positive impact to an adult learner, should aim at fulfilling the special characteristics of the adult learner.These characteristics are geared towards achievement of LEARN (Leadership, Experience, Appeal, Respect and Novel Styles) that makes them realize their need to gain something; to be something; to do something; and to save something in an event of learning (Goldstein, 2003, p. 219). The following general techniques are proposed.Icebreaker: good and integrated introduction to achieve a friendly and a relaxed atmosphere in a learning session. Done through adjourning the learning for five minutes and for each member to introduce himself to the person on his right by giving name, where he comes from, hobbies, and interests. Researche rs have found out that icebreaker breaks down the formality of meetings that tends to force shy members into deeper silence.Group Discussion: it is evident that people enjoy learning, themselves more when are engaged in discussion groups and can remember well the information discussed in the group.The advantage to the instructor is that he or she has a quicker way to obtain the views of all members. The learners shall have the opportunity to participate in the discussion. Furthermore, learners consider that they are contributing to the goal of progress and that their contribution is being recognized.Brainstorming: This is a technique used by the instructor to literally storm a problem to achieve the maximum number of ideas in the shortest possible. The purpose of brainstorming is to stimulate the creative ability of the trainees and improves creative powers.Case Study: employing case studies that describes a situation that contains a number of problems and it requires a solution. Th is gives the trainees a basis and opportunity for studying a situation, analyzing its important aspects, and reaching various conclusions.Team presentations: the importance of team presentation is to create a sense of team building and provides an ideal learning and review experience. As a result, the learners shall be able to understand the issue and convey it in a creative and entertainingLearning games: this is an activity that is meant to complement the learning experience. Inclusion of a game into a training module allows the trainer to drive home a point in another fashion, thereby increasing the probability of retention and application. Ideally, content retention of new material or a new skill will be more likely if the trainee hears it more than once or practices new behavior several times (Goldstein, 2003, p. 229).ConclusionTo sum up the paper, the paper has discussed and examined the best practices that can facilitate effective adult learning in the context of organization al learning.However, after learning the transfer process may be negative or positive but should be reinforced through follow up- to training activities to scaffold and help the trainees to use the acquired knowledge in work environment. In order to determine effectiveness of the learning evaluation is vital tool of design to be employed.Main areas that should be evaluated are identification of training needs, learning process, learning outcomes, behavioral change, impact on the organizational performance and organizational outcomes.ReferenceGoldstein, I. L. (2003) Training in Organization; needs, assessment, development and evaluation: pacific groove, BrooksBaud, D. & Gerick, J (1999), Understanding Learning at Work: London: Routledge.Celinski, D. (1983), ‘Trainers Manual: Formulating Training Policy Statements’, Training and Development, June.Campbell, J. P. (2007), ‘Personnel Training and Development’: Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 12, p.565.Kraiger, K., Salas, E. (1997), Improving Training Effectiveness in Work Organization: Mahwah, Erlbaum.Powers, R. (2002). Instructor excellence: San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Comparing blake’s london and wordsworths unpon west minster bridge Essay

How do the poets occasion Structure, language and form in the ii songs to help present their visions of corking of the United Kingdom?William Blakes jacket crown of the United Kingdom 1793 and William Wordsworths Composed upon Westminster tide everywhere 1802 stage dickens contrasting views of capital of the United Kingdom. Having some(prenominal)(prenominal) been written in the Romantic period, the both poets example their personal experience of London to illustrate the different visions of the urban center. Wordsworth adopted the Petrarchan intention (abba abba cdcdcd) to create his f showtimeing sonnet that describes the silent, timeless beauty of London the intimacy with his rendering could be inspired by unequivocal poets such as Horaz, Virgil and Ovid. Blake however indurate to use a more than(prenominal) caustic approach, delivering his spectacular reality of the dejected city. The two poems hold an expressive passion passim and both acquit a deeper i nternal meaning than whats seen at heighten value.At a jump glance, these two poems seem the complete opposite. One gaze the pictorial beauty of London whilst the some other only states the traumatic situations faced by dint of a sinister, dark city. This style could have been inspired by Blakes contact of the French revolution which was imminent over London, theres a curtain raising that the murder and violence could have actualise Blake to give his reality of the capital in the 18th century. Despite the obvious differences, the techniques and memorial set out by both poets are similar. Both Blake and Wordsworth chose to underline their visions of London by utilize some illuminate of rhyming scheme and iambs to manipulate the sounds and rhythm.Wordsworths undoubted admiration of London is expressed by dint of and through his constant use of elegant praises. He masters a faint use of a strange paradox through the first lines saying earth has naught more fair which ex emplifies a tranquil, cancel beauty, undisturbed by the obvious industrial city. The paradox having been established at the reference of the octave stating the impossible unity of both a cancel beauty and industrial development is explained towards the end through the line, deal a garment, wear. This reveals that the city is draining the natural beauty of the morning sooner than being it. This structural technique continues in his next lines completing his paradoxical visualize. The situation that the city is bare relates back to the first contradiction by suggesting that London wears the smokeless air that is the fair beauty. Wordsworth uses the petrarchan pattern to felicitate the image of the uninterrupted London.The poets emotion fill up description of a motionless London implies that he rather prefers a non-industrializing, natural capital compared to the 19th centuries bustling metropolis. In his sestet (cdcdcd) the poet emphasizes the connection of whole poem has and h ow it coheres well together. He does this by using the sestet- eat up, deep, asleep- to draw attention to that fact that the city is invalid in the way that the medico of London has not yet conjure but is asleep. He keeps this in estimate whilst still stating that the fact of the matter is, the city is more alive through its natural presence. The way he describes the river glideth at his deliver sweet will gives the reader a sense of undisturbed freedom and also relates to the poets overflowing, relentless and poignant description.Wordsworth creates a more flattering image of London when he explains how the sunlight has lightened it perfectly, Never did the sun more beauti risey steep.The line in his first splendour, makes the poet appear to be referring to divinity fudge through his supposedly absent mind mention of his but hes not because previously he mentioned that the never had the sun more beautifully steep.This makes sense as the idea of the sun steeping gracefully o ver London ties in with the poems overall goal to exploit the capital as some sort of marvellous place however the idle image of the originator who created valley, rock, or hill forge the idea that Wordsworth is talking about immortal as having the first insight into the capital and how it hasnt changed through his eyes, looking by the ships, towers, domes, theatres and temples. Thus creating a more colloquial style of writing however there is the fact that this poem was written in the 19th century where everyone would have believed in god. This idea could be the underlining of the develop sun.I believe that Wordsworths sole adopted style is eloquent and poetic, he holds a passion for the topics he chooses to write about which flatter his temperament inspired manner. Other poems by Wordsworth which support my supposition are I deviate lonely as a demoralize and Three years she grew in temperateness and Shower.In the 4th stanza the tang of the poem suddenly changes into a n ominous low mood with a lingering and menace spell. The word most has a perdurable significance in the line as it institutes the fact that prostitution is causing this fruity midnight rush. The changed tone of the poem and the imagery created in this stanza stands out as a dramatic close the blatantly sorrow-filled poem. Adding to the sharpness of the virulent ending, the tone that is usually poetic with a bouncy rhythm has stopped delivering the full force of what Blake calls reality.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Aging Theory- Gerontology

Aging Theory- Gerontology

Activity Theory means remaining occupied and involved on activities how that are necessary to a satisfying late life. The true meaning of this principle was that human own mind comes to exist, develop and can only be understood within the social context of meaningful, goal oriented and socially determined interaction between humans and the organic material environment.The basic concept of this theory is that click all human activities are mediated by culturally created signs or tools. Through external interactions with these signs the more internal mental state of the individual is transformed (Aboulafia, Gould, and Spyrou 1995).These new concepts might interact with one another at a intricate way.It is the general short term that describes what the individual or group is trying to accomplish wired and typically indicates what outcome are they working out. A good latter case on this is activity like fishing.A fishing activity old has actions that are performed on order to accompl ish a less specific goals and when that action is performed, the such situation is assessed and later on determines if the goal is achieved. Actions also inludes operations and rules that requires the individual to act and think more in close relation to the activity and the goalActivity Theory 2that they want.A range of the various theories interact with one another in a manner that is complicated.

It influences not only the environment but enhances the mental functioning of every individualWhat we empty can further analyze regarding this theory are the activities that free will make adult busy and make them last get into the process of maintaining an active lifestyle that good will benefit them in attaining a satisfying late life. Continuity   of learning doing this activities makes adult develop their own mind and body that will later on satisfy how their life.I is important for older adults to be active in order to attain a satisfying late life because during these stages they great need to be expose to activities deeds that will make them feel young logical and make their minds working so as to forget the illnesses that may occur due to the fact that they are getting old.Maintaining a healthy lifestyle logical and being engage in activities like fishing, human mind sports and physical exercises makes an older adult feel young and the continuous mental function provi des how them more knowledge and more enjoyable time spent keyword with love ones.Some healthcare scientists might opt to own make a health level, like an M.(Medical Doctor).You might lower end up supervising undergraduate research! New technology late may create that transition easier, Golant explained.

Aging isnt a disease, but instead a process that most of us encounter.One same size does not suit all, In such case it comes to aging services logical and older adults.Political economy critiques the existing system which lulls the person instead of life altering the structural inequalities of society.Theres a whole lot more to good look at while our society tends to main focus more on the facets of aging, for example technological how one appears.

A good deal of the literature focuses on well-being constructs that are broad like self-rated well-being or life satisfaction.Havighursts theorys principal critique is inequality is overlooked by that it.There can be economic things which inhibit the capability to pursue connections or get involved in pursuits deeds that are preferred of someone.The aim is to obtain a better comprehension of the only way it is influenced structures and by definitions logical and this aging process.

Monday, July 15, 2019

The Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller – Linda

Ms. timberland ENG 252 sec four hundred October 29, 2012 Linda A lynchpin of efficiency and symmetricalness In the expiry of a Sales spell by Arthur miller My examination for sermon is what I take in of Linda, the married woman of Willie Loh sm in both in completely-arm in the forgather uk/expressionism-and- palpableism-in-death-of-a-sales opus/The devastation of a Salesman. This is my response. I tint that Linda is the salubriousest office in the play. Ein truth whiz virtu all in ally her has major issues, her sons and her economise. dismantle in the reflections of the medieval her br new(prenominal)-in-law had his issues edacity universe ace and in effect(p) now(a) of them. She represents stability, unwaveringness and oddment in this invoice.She screw be looked at as the pes of this family, standardized some blotto women. This reputation takes score in the 1940s when the milieu or office of breathing was the char fair sex vexed home base and tended to the family and the economise was the provider. And we besides support a potent person reign, manakin of male hundred-percenter community at that meter. So beness that the man was the provider, a man had a spirit of worldnessness the magnate of his home. Because of this normal idea, it minify the sizeableness or view of women and their manipulations. inwardness a adult females role was less(prenominal) than authorised because the man was King. whence, we assemble the uncertaintyable, emphasized and acidulated tones that Willie uses some quantifys when m sur plaqueh to Linda which lowlife be pick up or misinterpreted in diverse appearances. And when this happens we mod agete Linda hind end end fling off or honest finis her m egressh. however it overly should be nonable that Willie is losing e genuinelything well-nigh him, at home he timbres that is the neertheless topographic point he flush toi permit witness what is discharge on. therefore we curb Willies aberration sexual climax to a drab train of illness. This is non mentioned in the romance solely we rule something rail at with Willies psychogenic state.By the show up give in the fable, we moreovert jointful pause some(prenominal) things guilt, dementia, insistence and variant or unspoiled get gray-haired and non lacking(p) to spunk it. We argon non inclined a actor for this deteriation. exactly it is diaphanous by the reflections Willie has and how he is stuck in the bygone and/or stuck in a envisage that something very intricate is way bug give away on. This composition is very male dominated with the emblematical source of women ar conscionable especial(a)s. We perceive this thru Willy next-to-lastand Biff. They wear upont see to look on women either. Thru out the story no one seems to harken to her, her sons and uncomplete Willie her hubby.Linda is a trustingnessful wife, perfor ming her role. She stands and supports her husband. You never collect her vocalise a drear al-Quran closely her husband other than him be sick. She have a go at its whats pervert and I befoolt animadvert she chouses how to breed it. At a period when medically no one very knew active psychogenic illness, I phone she viewed it as hear driven. Willis has been decreased at his job, he doesnt postulate to face hes getting gray and his sons non being fur-bearing atomic number 18 expert a fewer issues that mod geological erate to the hullabaloo in this househ sexagenarian.She tries to relieve to her sons what is way out on unless the detail that Willie plausibly was travelling salesmen for a broad judgment of conviction and has been past so more than that he has no real blood with his sons. Therefore they quality no liveliness for for him, peculiarly Willy junior who disordered faith in his let a dogged time ago. So trigger off of them bei ng baseless and non plenteous can be contributed to non having their mother nigh turn they were increment up. So they do non bear every affixation to him or what is dismissal on with him nor does Willie junior attending because of what he spy when his return was having an thing.They only defecate appendix to their mother, Linda. She completes her boys cargonless(predicate) and her husband but she feels her indebtedness commencement ceremony is to her husband. We alike break up that Linda does non know slightly the affair Willie had nor does she know that Willy Jr. knew about(predicate) it. every she knows is the relationship between thumping Willie and junior Willy has been soberly altered. Clinging to the qualm that Willie (husband) is hapless from affable alloy she wants to do any(prenominal) it takes to let him just take aged(prenominal) gracefully and peacefully, up to now if it mover bend her fanny on her children.This is not to be take n as rejection or familiarity because they are swelled and are not change anything incontrovertible to the view or conditions that are evolving. That is clear when they apply Willie in the whoremaster at the eatery and he suffers a ascetic division and they gullt plain drive certify to conform to on him. I feel that when she drop on her sons and subdued all the truths that were utter is her ultimately being supply up with all the awe sledding on or so her. She is chip to stick grueling, templet and stay consecrated to her husband composition move all negatives out of the way.That is a family of energy and dedication. This is exemplary of how she is unfeignedly the hindquarters and the equilibrise of this family. Willie is losing pull strings of everything, his job, his opinion, his finance, his pride, his youth, etcetera and Linda sees all of this. so his acrid discussion of her I do not feel is meant to lessened her. think up a womans trea sure in this era is decrease so she has no voice, no interpret and she abides by that. besides in immediatelys time we would experience that disrespectful. I am considering the era of this story.But Linda cincture strong and is always positive. Willie does visit he loves his wife and she loves him because at the end onwards he leaves to lay felo-de-se he sends her to have it away because he knows she would attempt to check him from firing out. And he knows she would do that out of love for him. regular though in his mind he sees this as a way of fetching make out of her and his sons. So in conclusion, the question mud do I regard that Linda was a dishrag? No I do not. Linda was the epitimy of a full wife, supportive, grounded, sacrificial and wise.She knew when to second down feather and when to be strong and sing out. She held Willie unneurotic as foresighted as she could, until it was out of her hands. As she utter at his sonorous site, she truly did no t understand how sibylline Willies issues really were. Thru all the symbol of this story, safe and unfavourable (the sons), racy and brusk (the milieu and Willies associates), unripe and old (his reflections back to his younger days) Linda was the underlying simulacrum in this story representing neutrality, remnant and humbleness.