Airline Industry The Impact Of Deregulation -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Airline Industry The Impact Of Deregulation? Answer: Introduction Tourism industry is one of the major industry that has helped in the economic growth of a nation. Tourism is the way an individual travel for pleasure and for any business purposes (Westcott, 2012). Today, tourism has become one of the major source of income because it helps in the balance of payments of a nation. Likewise, an interrelationship is defined as when any business start working with other companies in which they have strong interrelationships and one cannot be successful with the help of other. There are some issues which are still not clear and a nation must work on it to eradicate those issues. There are also major trends that helped tourism industry to stand on the top (Kangut, 2012). I have learned that there are many factors that have an adverse effect on this industry which must be taken into consideration. Emerging trends and its future impacts Travelers have stated that the cost involved in the travelling and other additional fares are increasing day by day which ultimately reduces the number of travelers to visit any destination. In the recent years, the airline industry has reduced the amount of fares and controlled their budgets by focusing on the bag check fees and other many paying costs (Kalyanaraman, 2015). Earlier, the fares for travelling were very inclusive and they used to focus on the destination rather than focusing on the high prices. But today, it has more focused on cost rather than focusing on the destination. (Elliott, 2014). Despite of all the issues, airlines industry are also offering several options which will be based on the total amount a traveler wishes to invest and it has also provided the easy access to overseas travelling. The agreement between Chinese and Australian government has provided aid in this industry and aimed at reducing the tedious journey for a traveler (Cameron, 2013). Economic growth Tourism industry in Australia in strongly growing and has also contributed to the economic growth. It has strongly grown in the last two decades because the total number of visitors is doubled from 1992 to 2014. The total number of international visitors were 2.5 million in the year 1992 which resulted in 6.7 million in 2014. This shows that the tourism industry in Australia has grown with some massive changes. Tourism is one of the major source of income which helps to increase the GDP of the country (Burkhard, 2016). There are some changes in the Australian airport which created a positive impact on the travelers experience of the airport. The major changes can be seen in the Brisbane Airport which was involved in several projects worth $3.8 billion. It aimed at expanding several terminals and car parking as well. Likewise, Canberra Airport is also redeveloping itself by introducing more food and beverages stores and managing children area so that kids can have fun during the intervals. The government of Australia is also going to invest $3 billion in building the next airport in Sydney in mid 2020s (Narendra, 2013). Technology upliftment There is a huge change that can be observed in the tourism sector and of the major changes can be seen is the changes in the technologies. The technology of mobile phones has changed the whole nation and today a traveler can plan their trips on phones. They are provided the facility to search and plan according to their requirements and budget plans (Glion, 2017). Several flights are available at cheap rates which covers the 60% of the customer demands and also helps to generate 40% of the revenue. Mobile phone has made the travelers to plan their unplanned trips within a click. A traveler just need to pull out their phone and get a price and book the tickets. The message alerts and pop up messages can always be seen on ones mobile phones. I have also personally experienced the use of mobile phone to encourage tourism industry (Lenior, 2016). I was planning to attend a concert and I searched on it about the venue and the timings. It was going to be held in New York. As long as I was searching for all the details regarding the concert, there was a pop up messages and a search window where flights to New York were seen that would match the timings of the concert as well. One can book the flight right away and attend the event without any investing much time in looking more options. Decline of the generic holiday Travel has become a trend in the todays era. Because of the updates in the technology, one can see how many people are looking forward to travel for any specific reasons. There can be many purposes as mentioned below. Living like a local: This has given an upliftment to the people who have travelled to gain personalized experience and authentic experience as well. Airbnb provides the services that takes the traveler from their destination to a very new city. They either travel for few days, few weeks or few months and have fun and gain lots of experiences. Working holiday: There are many people who prefer to combine two activities in one i.e. travelling along with working. This has become a new trend to work and travel. Such type of trips is known as bleisure trip. Bleisure trips are the trips which are multitasking in nature where you pick work along with your bulky bags. In such trips a traveler generally carries laptops with them so that they can use it anytime and complete their work along with the trips. I personally believe that a person should complete their work in the work place and avoid carrying their work on the roads. Because if a person is involved in two tasks, then he/she cannot either enjoy the trip or can he work properly. Ecotourism: The climate changes from time to time and when a traveler plans a trip, he can easily get the climate updates. And also avoid going to endangered destinations. The travelers plan those trips which have the suitable climate and which also meet their requirements as well (Global environment, 2017). Interrelationships An interrelationship is when a when one company works with another company to get the mutual benefits (Weebly, 2014). Let us take an example for an instance, I had once visited British Museum in London. It had many restaurants and stores around. The British Museum was linked to all those caf and stores which helps it to attract huge number of visitors towards it. They have interrelationships with those restaurants and stores which made the museum more successful. Chain of distribution The above diagram shows the interrelationships between the intermediaries that are involved between a traveler and service providers. The chain of distribution shows how a consumer gets a product. In the tourism industry, hotels offer packages and make a bucket of offers together and serve those packages to the tour operators. Later the tour operators carry forward it to the travel agents and those agents sell those packages directly to the consumers. So, basically the chain of distribution is working together to ensure that the travelers get best offers and packages to travel and have lots of fun. It is very difficult to meet the customers expectation in this industry (Cook et al, 2014). Tour operators and Travel agents These two areas are inter linked with each other. Travel agents are those people who arranges a travelers itinerary. Agents are responsible for all the deals and offers which are provided to the traveler (Education, 2013). For an example: Lunn Poly is a travel agency which aims at selling trips for Kuoni which is a tour operator. Kuoni aims at providing luxury holidays. Attractions and Transport Operators These two sectors are also interconnected to each other. Many transport facilities are provided by the transport operators who visits the places. They usually provide bus routes and tube routes as well. They also make certain announcements which makes easy for the traveler to travel from one location to another location (Moutinho, 2011). Transport operators and Tour operators Transport operator and tour operator work together by offering huge ranges of destinations with best deals and packages along with the best experience of flights. Tour operator manages the tours by providing the best deals and transport operators managed the transportation facility of the traveler. For an example: First choice is a tour operator and Thomson Airways is the transport operator (Newsroom, 2015). There are mainly 5 different sectors within the tourism industry which are listed below. Accommodation: It includes all the hotels and restaurants where a traveler lives in. It is further categorized on the basis of the star rating of the hotel and budget of the traveler. Events and conferences: It includes the certain conferences and events that takes place at different places for which a customer wishes to plan a trip and attend those conferences and concerts. Food and beverages: This sector also plays a major role in the tourism industry. This sector helps a customer to eat healthy and remain healthy because getting healthy food while traveling is one of the major concern. This sector ensures that the customer gets the food according to their requirements (UKEssay, 2015). Transportation: It helps a traveler to move from one place to another place with the help of vehicles. It provides the facility of vehicles which are used by the customer for their convenience. Tourism services: This service understands the demand of the customers and plans trips according to their budget by offering the best deals and offers which will best suit the customers requirements (Hall, Timothy Duval, 2012). The stages of the costumer journey involve six major levels. The below figure shows the six stages of travel which a customer faces from initial to the destination Planning Planning is the way of drafting something and working accordingly. It is the very first stage of a travelers journey. Whenever a person gets bored, he/she plans to visit or go out for a day, weeks or more than weeks to refresh their mind. Last year, I remember I was getting bored during my vacation and planned a holiday of 15days. I planned to visit Paris. Booking Booking tickets is the second stage of the customers journey while traveling. When I made a plan to visit Paris, I searched for all the packages and plans along with the best deals. Later I consulted several travel agents and finally booked the tickets to Paris. Anticipating This is the third stage of the journey. Anticipating is the way of predicting anything in advance. After I booked my tickets to Paris, I started thinking and making assumptions like will I have enough time to visit all the places, will I be able to do lots of shopping and many more. So, finally I collected all my stuffs sand packed my luggage to reach the place. In route In route is the fourth stage of the journey when one finally gets on the way to reach a certain destination. After packing all the luggage, I finally reached the destination. I was very excited to look at Paris and have fun over there. There lived my 3 of the friends who were supposed to pick me up and guide me to visit all the places of Paris. Destination It really makes a person happy when they plan something and implement it successfully. Finally, I reached the destination and the same happened to me. I was so happy and bit tired too because it was too long journey. I took a nap for a while and then planned to visit the museums on the very first day. Dreaming It was a week plan because I had already spent my half of my holidays with my family. I visited all the places and it was like a dream came true. I came back to my place but the memories were still running on my mind. Airline Industry An airline industry is the industry which provides air services to its customers with the utilization of air crafts. Today, the worlds airlines carry nearly 3billion of travelers in a year with 50million tons of freight. It has contributed $664.4 billion to a nation by increasing the total global GDP. It has also created 9.9 million jobs which has helped huge number of people to get employed (Morrison Winston, 2010). Evolution of Airline Industry The birth of flight took place in 1903. Air travelling is one of the major means of transportation. This airline industry has made 100 successful years in this sector by providing the way to travel and have fun. In this industry, it has served not only through the means of transportation but also provided the way of living. Early 20th century Airlines industry was widely used in the 20th century but people were afraid to fly because of the risks involved in it. The Air Act developed the airline industry with certified aircrafts and licensed pilots along with several regulations and protocols. Pan American, Western Air Express and Ford Transport services are the first commercial airlines introduced in the early 29th century. After 10 years, United and American airlines were introduced (Dixon, 2015). Late 20th century New routes along with new carriers were introduced into the airline industry which helped to connect cities via layovers. It was easy to access and move from one place to another. The prices were reduced which aimed at increasing the number of customers. Pan American and TWA began to decline because of the huge competition in the market (Williams, 2017). 21st century In 2001, business travel was reduced which gave rise to the cost of fuel and labor. Several issues regarding this industry were raised because of which number of passengers were reduced and operating cost was increased. There was a continuous loss seen in the Australian Airlines and no profit was generated till the year 2006. All the issues were regarding the quality and the services like flight delay and unavailability of proper hygiene inside the aircraft. It also included the fares that were charged very high because of the costs involved in it. Later in 2010 and 2011, the department of transportation generated a set of protocols that every airline must follow in order to create some modifications that will benefit the passengers and increase their numbers as well. Future of Airline Industry One of the most important industry which is growing and attracting huge number of customers is airline industry. Besides of its growth, there are some issues like risk of oil prices which can be seen in this industry. The prices of the oil which is used for aircraft is increasing day by day which will increase the fares of airline at the end to match up with those costs Airline manufacturers will continue to save energy in the coming few years with the use of several technologies like designing the engine in a more better way, more direct routes for aircraft, faster turnaround, and many more. It also includes consolidating the smaller airlines. Moreover, the passengers will be provided the options of budget, premium budget, traditional economy and premier business class which will be decided according to the budget of the passengers (Belobaba, Odoni, Barnhart, 2015). Keeping the energy prices rise aside, the passengers will definitely fly more and spend more in planning their trips and giving an opportunity to raise income of the airline industry. Burning fuel in the plane engine is also another issue which will be faced in very near future. Many of the airline will burn carbon-based fuel because the average life of a new plane is 30years. The only form of transport which is apart from ships is aircraft. It will be using carbon-based fuel in the ne xt 30-40 years. Batteries are too heavy to be used for commercial aircrafts, solar cells are too feeble and fuels are too bulky which provides too little energy that can be useful for planes (Kletzel Terry, 2017). Issues in airline industry: It must focus on the experience, convenience, quality and value for money because major issues are seen under these categories only. Strategies required: This industry must be flexible and alternative strategies must be prepared when some sudden incidents may take place. The alternative strategies must be activated within an hour. Greatest risk factors: Complacency is one of the major risks involved in this industry. Greatest opportunity: It provides a wonderful experience which is very imaginary and an efficient way. Today every people loves to travel and plan trips so that they can recreate fun their life. Thus, it can be concluded that Airlines industry is one of the major industry that gives an economic push in a nation and the world as well. Despite of the several issues involved in this industry, this industry has grown successfully in the recent years and has also increased the number of passengers. References Belobaba, P., Odoni, A., Barnhart, C. (Eds.). (2015). the global airline industry. John Wiley Sons. Burkhard, S. (2016). Travel trends. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.trekksoft.com/en/blog/7-travel-trends-for-2017-that-will-drive-the-global-tourism-industry Cameron, M. (2013). Bundling, Unbundling and Re-bundling of Airfare: What does it all mean. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.cbtravel.com/2013/07/bundling-unbundling-and-re-bundling-of-airfare-what-does-it-all-mean/ Cook, R. A., Hsu, C. H., Marqua, J. J. (2014). Tourism: the business of hospitality and travel. Boston, MA: Pearson. Dixon, P. (2015). Future of Airline industry, Radical change. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.globalchange.com/future-of-aviation-industry-radical-change.htm Education. (2013). Difference between tour operator and travel agent. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/10th/difference-between-tour-operator-and-travel-agent Elliott, C. (2014). How Unbundling Fees Make Airlines a Bundle of Cash. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.frommers.com/tips/airfare/how-unbundling-fees-make-airlines-a-bundle-of-cash Glion. (2017). Hospitality Industry Trends: Technology Customer Experience. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://blog.glion.edu/from-glion/2017-hospitality-industry-trends/ Global environment, (2017). Ecotourism and Sustainable Tourism. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://chge.hsph.harvard.edu/ecotourism-and-sustainable-tourism Hall, C. M., Timothy, D. J., Duval, D. T. (2012). Safety and security in tourism: relationships, management, and marketing. Routledge. Kalyanaraman, A. (2015). All you wanted to know about: Fare unbundling. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/all-you-wanted-to-know-about-fare-unbundling/article7909158.ece Kangut, C. (2012). Introduction to tourism. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/ethelkondo/introduction-to-tourism Kletzel, J Terry, B. (2017). Commercial Aviation Trends. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/trend/2017-commercial-aviation-trends Lenior, S. (2016). Travel Trends in tourism industry. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.rezdy.com/blog/6-travel-trends-in-the-tourism-industry/ Morrison, S Winston, C. (2010). The Evolution of the Airline Industry. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/book/the-evolution-of-the-airline-industry/ Moutinho, L. (Ed.). (2011). Strategic management in tourism. Cabi. Narendra. (2013). Emerging trends in Tourism and Hospitality. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/narendrabhm/emerging-trends-in-tourism-and-hospitality Newsroom. (2015). Department of Tourism and culture. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.tc.gov.yk.ca/isu_sectors.html UKEssay. (2015). 4 Sectors of the Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/tourism/4-sectors-of-the-hospitality-industry-tourism-essay.php Weebly. (2014). Interrelationships. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://travelandtourismindustry.weebly.com/interrelationships.html Westcott, M. (2012). Introduction to Tourism. Viewed on 13th February, 2018. Available at: https://opentextbc.ca/introtourism/chapter/chapter-1-history-and-overview/ Williams, G. (2017). The airline industry and the impact of deregulation. Routledge.

Social Class Hides True Self free essay sample

Through Bentley Drummle’s snobby attitude and Magwitch’s impact on Pip’s life, Dickens demonstrates the idea that social class often times doesn’t show true self. Although Bentley Drummle’s social status is high, his morality is low. After a day at the Pockets’ house and meeting Bentley Drummle, Pip describes Drummle: â€Å"Heavy in figure, movement, and comprehension- in the sluggish complexion of his face, and in the large awkward tongue that seemed to loll about in his mouth as he himself lolled about in a room- he was idle, proud, niggardly, reserved, and suspicious. He came of rich people down in Somersetshire, who had nursed this combination of qualities until they made the discovery that it was just of age and a blockhead. † (213) Because Pip uses the words idle, proud, niggardly, reserved, and suspicious, it indicates Pip not liking Drummle. When Pip is describing Drummle, he has not spoken to Drummle yet which means Pip can already infer that Drummle has a snobby attitude towards people in the lower class. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Class Hides True Self or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At dinner one night, Pip notices Mr. Jaggers trying to reveal Drummle’s true self: â€Å"If his object in singling out Drummle were to bring him out still more, it Pham 2 erfectly succeeded. In a sulky triumph, Drummle showed his morose depreciation of the rest of us, in a more and more offensive degree until he became downright intolerable. Through all his stages, Mr. Jaggers followed him with the same strange interest. He actually seemed to serve as a zest to Mr. Jaggers wine. † (226) Mr. Jaggers is a lawyer so he should be used to understanding people’s actions and words. He knows Drummle’s attitude towards other people but he seems to like it. As Drummle is arguing with Pip about a loan he borrowed from Startop, Mr. Jaggers purposely proposes a toast to Drummle to single him out. After this approach, Drummle becomes boorish because of being singled out. Just because Bentley Drummle is in the higher class does not mean he will be considerate to others. Although Magwitch’s past shows he is a criminal, he is able to find kindness in his true self. During an approach by Magwitch, Pip says: â€Å"After each question he tilted me over a little more, so as to give me a greater sense of helplessness and danger. † (3) As the convict tilts Pip more and more, he shows his cold demeanor and how much he wants Pip to get him a file and food. After he lets Pip go, he says: â€Å"Now I ain’t alone, as you may think I am. There’s a young man hid with me, in comparison with which young man I am an angel. That young man hears the words I speak. That young man has a secret way pecooliar to himself of getting at a boy, and at his heart, and at his liver. It is in wain for a boy to attempt to hide himself from that young man. † This is Magwitch’s way to telling Pip that inside he is not who he thinks he is. Magwitch is trying to say he is innocent and can be nice. Because Pip ends up getting Magwitch the file and food, Magwitch sees kindness in him and devotes his life to earning a fortune for Pip. When Pip is in jail with Magwitch, Magwitch tells him: â€Å"Look’ee here, Pip. I’m your second father. You’re my son—more to me nor any son. I’ve put away money, only for you to spend. When I was a hired-out shepherd in a solitary hut, not seeing no faces but faces of sheep till I half-forgot wot men’s and women’s faces wos like, I see yourn. I see you there a many times plain as ever I see you on them misty marshes. ‘Lord strike me dead! ’ I says each time—and I goes out in the open air to say it under the open heavens—‘but wot, if I gets liberty and money, I’ll make that boy a gentleman! ’ And I done it. Why, look at you, dear boy! Look at these here lodgings of yourn, fit for a lord! A lord? Ah! You shall show money with lords for wagers, and beat ’em! † From the beginning of the story, Magwitch has been known as a criminal because of his past. Because of Pip’s kindness towards Magwitch, Magwitch is able to find kindness in himself and earn a fortune for Pip. He may have been a cold, low class man but was able to bring out his kindness by devoting his life for Pip. Earning a fortune for Pip helps Pip realize that Magwitch has loyalty and an inner worth. By earning a fortune for Pip, Magwitch signifies loyalty and kindness can come from anyone.

How to Find Short College Essay Samples For Free

How to Find Short College Essay Samples For FreeThe job market is always in flux, and the same holds true for those with only a short college education. Despite the fact that a good number of jobs require a bachelor's degree, the entry-level salary is relatively small. Unfortunately, it can be difficult to find employers who are willing to pay more for experience.Fortunately, there are plenty of online colleges offering short college essay samples for free. Though there are plenty of advertisements, they are usually ineffective. Therefore, when you are looking for ways to get a great resume and a good career, the internet can be your best ally.When you look at the internet, you will see that there are numerous places where you can get short college essay samples. You will also notice that there are many websites that specialize in student essays. This is a very good way to research the different options. If you want to get an idea of how much companies pay for college diplomas, you w ill want to check out various websites and read through the reviews.When it comes to choosing between sites, most online colleges are going to provide all of the writing samples that you will need. In addition, most will provide sample reports, letters of recommendation, and other documents. This allows you to create a resume that showcases your strengths and abilities without having to spend too much time on the main portion of the document.The internet is an excellent way to find more options than you would if you were to visit a local college. This is because it allows you to have access to many colleges and universities from one location. There are also many government and private companies that post their own college essay samples.If you are looking for a specific job, you should avoid college based institutions. The reason why this is important is because you need to select a college that will offer you the experience you need to land a job. For example, you may have to take a certain number of courses before you are able to apply for a particular position.In general, it is easy to find short college essay samples for free. However, when it comes to finding online colleges that offer specific programs that can help you get a higher paying job, you will need to find the right source. If you have some time to spare, you can easily research the best companies to choose from.

The quakers essays

The quakers essays The development of the Quakers in the United States one of the examples of a great opportunity lost to ignorance. The By the mid 1700s, the numbers of Quakers in the US far out numbered the Quakers in Britain. It possessed many qualities to make it the dominant religion of the colonies. However, the within the large population rigidity began to grow among the Quakers. It failed to adapt to changing times as Puritanism did, thus, it remained more static. Soon, many Quakers became more interested in perfecting their purity than spreading their message to others. Slowly, Quakerism began to put up a wall. Through their religion, the Quakers had a great hankering for martyrdom. They sought it out actively; trekking through dangerous territories and going to places and preaching where they knew they were unwanted. Suffering for their Lord was a prevalent in their society. They would withstand beating, torture, and even death in the name of sacrifice for their Lord. Their voluntary suffering was a way of strengthening their faith, but it also drew vast admiration for their resolve and unwavering devotion to their beliefs. Problems ultimately rose when Quakers became active in the Government. The issues of taking oaths became a hot button topic. Quakers refused to take oaths for trials, thus could not be witnesses or jurors for the courts. However, their unwillingness to comply made it possible for many crimes to be committed and go untried. Their stubbornness resulted in a more crimes punishable by death, since they compromised on taking an oath on matters of capital punishment. Quakers were also devout pacifists. Even as war broke out between France and England they refused to fight. Colonies surrounding Pennsylvania were what the Quakers relied on for defense. However, they seemed to remain oblivious to the fact that many Native American, which whom they were friendly with, were massacring people on the western borders. They ...

The Best IB Geography Study Guide and Notes for SL

The Best IB Geography Study Guide and Notes for SL/HL SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re an IB Geography SL/HL students in search of some extra free help, you’ve come to the right place. Whether you're looking for IB Geography notes for a test on a single topic or cramming for the final IB Geography papers, this guide has all the information you need. I created this IB Geography study guide using the best free online materials for IB Geography and ordered the materials following the newly-revised IB Geography SL/HL syllabus. How To Use This Article If you want to study a specific topic, use the Command + F function on your keyboard to search this article for specific IB Geography notes. For example, if you hope to read about Population change, use Command + F to bring up the search function. Type in â€Å"Extreme Environments† and it will bring up all of the study materials for that topic. I separate the resources into: Notes : notes (generally 2-4 pages) if you want a summary of each overall topic. Some resources also have video explanations. Case studies: case studies for each topic to help you better understand that topic using specific real world examples. If you’re looking for summary material to help you study for the IB Geography papers, check out the notes with supporting video for each topic. These notes are brief and great for a quick refresher. How To Use This Guide Throughout the School Year Use this guide throughout the school year as a review for in-class quizzes if you need more help learning the material. You need to be mastering the topics throughout the school year and not just waiting to cram before the IB Geography papers. The Best Study Practices for IB Geography Make sure you’re practicing related IB Geography past paper questions as you learn each new subject. You can find free IB Geography HL and IB Geography SL past papers here. Also, if you’re having difficulty understanding your in-class lesson, you should be reviewing the corresponding chapter in a textbook or this study guide. Common Study Mistakes IB Geography Students Make For IB Geography, there are lots of topics to master, so you can’t fall behind. Common mistakes students make are: #1: Trying to avoid the material you didn't learn in class. If you didn’t understand it in class, you need to find more help whether through this article or tutoring. #2: Only studying a week or two before the IB Geography papers. You will not be able to master all of the topics below in only a week or two (that is why the course is spread out over 1 to 2 years). Make sure you are learning the topics as they’re taught to you in class. Use this article for additional support learning the topics: Part #1: Geographic Themes- 60 Hours for SL, 90 Hours for HL The IB Geography syllabus gives you seven options for study. If you're on the SL track, you'll need to master two subjects; if you're on the HL track, you'll need to master three. Part#1:Geographic Themes Option A: Freshwater Topic 1: Drainage Basin Hydrology and Geomophology Notes: Comprehensive unit guide Unit notes with video references Case Studies: The 2010 Pakistan Floods The Three Gorges Project in China Topic 2: Flooding and Flood Mitigation Notes: Comprehensive unit guide Unit notes with video references Case Studies: The Nile and the Mississippi Topic 3: Water Scarcity and Water Quality Notes: Comprehensive unit guide Unit notes with video references Case Studies: USA/Mexico water conflict (scroll down to bottom of the page) Topic 4: Water Management Futures Notes: Comprehensive unit guide Unit notes with video references Case Studies: Integrated Drainage Basin Management Option B: Oceans and Coastal Margins Topic 1: Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: 1997/1998 El Nià ±o Typhoon Haiyan case study Topic 2: Interactions Between Oceans and Coast Places Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: South China Sea conflict (scroll down to bottom of the page) Topic 3: Managing Coastal Margins Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: Bimini development case study Topic 4: Ocean Management Futures Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: Oil spills case study Option C: Extreme Environments Topic 1: Characteristics of Extreme Environments Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: Uranium mining in Niger Trans-Alaska pipeline (documentary) Topic 2: Processes Landscapes Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: Dust Bowl case study Soil erosion and solutions Topic 3: Managing Extreme Environments Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: The Aral Sea Topic 4: Extreme Environments Futures Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: Acacia Project in Senegal (scroll down to the bottom of page) Option D: Geophysical Hazards Topic 1: Geophysical Systems Notes: Comprehensive notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: Montserrat volcano (scroll down to the bottom of page) Fracking causes earthquakes (scroll down to the bottom of page) Topic 2: Geophysical Hazard Risks Notes: Comprehensive notes Unit study flashcards Case Studies: The Chernobyl disaster case study Topic 3: Hazard RiskandVulnerability Notes: Comprehensive notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: The 2010 Haiti earthquake Anchorage, Alaska earthquake case study Topic 4: Future Resilience and Adaptation Notes: Comprehensive notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: Impact of climate change on vulnerable countries Large scale action on climate change Option E: Leisure, Tourism, and Sport Topic 1: Changing Leisure Patterns Notes: Comprehensive notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: Leisure in China Leisure in the United States Topic 2: Tourism and Sport at the Local and National Scale Notes: Comprehensive notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: The NBA league in North America Topic 3: Tourism and Sport at the International Scale Notes: Comprehensive notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: London Olympics 2012 Rio Olympics 2016 Topic 4: Managing Tourism and Sport for the Future Notes: Comprehensive notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: Ecotourism in Kenya Option F: Food and Health Topic 1: Measuring Food and Health Notes: Comprehensive notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: Famine case study Topic 2: Food Systems and the Spread of Disease Notes: Comprehensive notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: Global life expectancy Topic 3: Stakeholders in Food and Health Notes: Comprehensive notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: HIV Malaria Topic 4: Future Health and Food Security and Sustainability Notes: Comprehensive notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: Comprehensive list of case study topics Option G: Urban Environments Topic 1: The Variety of Urban Environments Notes: Comprehensive notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: Habitat for Humanity in Manila Topic 2: Changing Urban Systems Notes: Comprehensive notes Unit notes with video references Case Studies: Urban deindustrialization (scroll to the bottom of page) Infrastructure growth (scroll to the bottom of the page) Topic 3: Urban Environmental and Social Stresses Notes: Comprehensive notes Unit SlideShare notes Case Studies: Redlining the New Deal Topic 4: Building Sustainable Urban Systems for the Future Notes: Comprehensive notes Unit SlideShare notes Case Studies: Phoenix, Arizona: The Least Sustainable City in the US Part #2: SL and HL Core: Geographic Perspectives- 70 Hours SL/HL Since this is core knowledge, both SL and HL students will be tested over the following material. Topic A: Population Distribution- Changing Population Knowledge Area 1: Population and Economic Development Patterns Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video reference Case Studies: Internal migration in Mongolia Population distribution in China (scroll down to bottom of page) Knowledge Area 2: Changing Populations and Places Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video reference Case Studies: Forced migration in Syria (scroll down to bottom of page) Knowledge Area 3: Challenges and Opportunities Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video reference Case Studies: Life expectancy in Japan Human trafficking in Thailand TopicB: Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience Knowledge Area 1: Causes of Global Climate Change Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video reference Case Studies: List of potential case study topics Knowledge Area 2: Consequences of Global Climate Change Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video reference Case Studies: How climate change affects agriculture Knowledge Area 3: Responding to Global Climate Change Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video reference Case Studies: Geoengineering Topic C: Global Resource Consumption and Security Knowledge Area 1: Global Trends in Consumption Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video reference Case Studies: The rise of the global middle class Knowledge Area 2: Impacts of Changing Trends in Resource Consumption Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video reference Case Studies: Canada and water security Knowledge Area 3: Resource Stewardship Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video reference Case Studies: Circular economy case study Part #3: Geographic Perspectives: Global Interactions- HL Only, 60 Hours If you're HL, you'll also be tested over the following three topics. Topic A: Power, Places, and Networks Knowledge Area 1: Global Interactions and Global Power Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video reference Case Studies: Global power players Knowledge Area 2: Global Networks and Flows Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video reference Case Studies: The narcotics trade Knowledge Area 3: Human and Physical Influences on Global Interactions Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video reference Case Studies: World's most isolated places Multi-governmental organizations (European Union case study) Topic B: Human Development and Diversity Knowledge Area 1: Development Opportunities Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Additional unit notes Case Studies: Cambodian indigenous minorities fight tide of development Knowledge Area 2: Changing Identities and Cultures Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Additional unit notes Case Studies: Jamaican diaspora in London and Toronto (scroll down to bottom of page) Knowledge Area 3: Local Responses to Global Interactions Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video reference Case Studies: Anti-immigration movements Topic C: Global Risks and Resilience Knowledge Area 1: Geopolitical and Economic Risks Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video reference Case Studies: Global supply chain risks Knowledge Area 2: Environmental Risks Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video reference Case Studies: Smoke and haze crossing international boundaries Knowledge Area 3: Local and Global Resilience Notes: Comprehensive unit notes Unit notes with video reference Case Studies: List of potential case study topics Part #4: Internal Assessment: SL and HL Fieldwork- 20 Hours In order to do well on theinternal assessment, students have to meet the following criteria (which we've taken directly from the IB Geography syllabus): #1: Students must demonstrate knowledge and understanding of specified content#2: They must demonstrate application and analysis of knowledge and understanding#3: Students must demonstrate synthesis and evaluation#4: Studentshave to select, use, and apply a variety of appropriate skills and techniques With that in mind, here are two examples of successful internal assessments: The Internal Assessment: A Step-By-Step Guide This guide walks you through each step of the Internal Assessment by walking you through a sample topic (urban renewal in East Berlin) Examples of the Internal Assessment This site includes sample cover pages, booklets that go over data collection, and even a PowerPoint introduction to the assignment What’s Next? Learn more about IB Geography: Every IB Geography Past Paper Available: Free and Official Learn more about other IB Classes: Every IB English Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB Math Studies Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB History Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB Economics Past Paper Available: Free and Official Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

CIPD Course-Employee Relations - UK based system Essay

CIPD Course-Employee Relations - UK based system - Essay Example It is important that the organizational policies relating to aspects such as recruitment, selection, training, advancement, and disciplinary action, be in line with the relevant legislation such as the Equality Act 2010, the Employment Rights Act 1996, the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, and the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. Economic factors such as inflation, unemployment, economic growth and taxation affect employment relationship (Aswathappa, 2005). When the economy experiences growth, there are better prospects for business and employment. As a result, employers are eager to attract qualified and skilled employees by offering them attractive remuneration and benefits (Aswathappa, 2005). On the other hand, during a recession, organizations consider redundancies and layoffs more frequently in order to reduce their costs and remain competitive. This may also result in downward revision of employees’ pay packages. Social factors such as unemployment, immigration and changing societal trends also affect the employment relationship (CIPD, 2013). High levels of unemployment result in low wages offered and few benefits, if any, as the unemployed have no other alternative. Rising immigration levels result in low-skilled jobs being taken by foreign workers, who can be paid lower wages than British workers. Trends such as dual-income households and even single-parent households mean that employers have to accommodate concern for the personal obligations of employees in the workplace. Worker, employee, and self-employed are three different types of employment status in the UK. According to the legal definition, an employee is an individual who has entered into or works under (or, where the employment has ceased, worked under) a contract of employment. A worker is defined as â€Å"an individual who works under (a) a contract of employment or (b) any other contract whereby the individual undertakes to do or perform

Cost Acccounting Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cost Acccounting - Case Study Example The resulting amount is then deducted by the work in process beginning to come up with cost of goods manufactured. The cost of goods manufactured is then added to the finished goods beginning to come up with goods available for sale. The goods available for sale is deducted by the amount equal to finished goods ending inventory to arrive at COST OF GOODS SOLD. The cost of production report is a major tool for decision making. The cost accounting system shows us the true picture of the Elan company. Based on Table 1 in the Appendix, for the year ended December 31, 1999, When the cost of goods sold amount of $137,935 is divided by the total revenue for the same year of $676,734, the cost of goods ratio of 20.38 percent. When the cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 1997 amounting to $106,182 is divided by the total revenue amount for the same year of $384,181, cost of goods ratio is 27.64 percent. To be more conservative, we can divide the cost of goods sold for the year 1998 of $137,935 by only the product sale of $342,078, the cost of gold ratio increase to 40.32 percent. As for the year 1997, when we divide the cost of goods sold amount of $ 106,182 by the total product sales of $215,486 then the cost of goods sold for the year will increase to 49.28%. The table shows that the product selling price is higher than cost of goods sold. The... The direct materials are the ingredients that used in making the drugs and other products. The second production cost is the direct labor. The direct labor is the total amount paid for factory workers who are directly making those products. The third kind of production cost is the Factory overhead. All factory cost that cannot be identified as direct materials and direct labor are lumped under the account title factory overhead costs. Examples of factory overhead are indirect materials, indirect labor or janitor, electricity cost and telephone expenses. The production cost is an actual amount and not estimated. Factory overhead costs can be divided into two kinds. The first kind is fixed cost. This means that the amount will generally be the same for the current accounting period irregardless of the increase or decrease in the number of products that are being processed. An example of fixed cost is factory supervisor salary and the factory rent expense. The second kind of production cost is the variable cost. The variable cost is named so because the cost or expense amount will increase if production of goods will increase and the amount of such cost or expense decreases when the production of goods will decrease. Examples of variable production cost are direct materials and direct labor. The production cost is an actual amount and not estimated. (B)Assess the extent to which the system provides useful information for pricing,decision making, planning, control and performance measurement.(80 marks)The cost accounting system presented in section (A) above EXTENSIVELY will provide all the minimum requirements that the pricing and decision makers in the Elan company will need for their decision making functions. The